2022-2023年度广州市市售蔬菜水果农药残留调查分析

Investigation and analysis of pesticides residues in vegetables and fruits in Guangzhou from 2022 to 2023

中文关键词:  蔬菜  水果  农药残留  调查分析

英文关键词:vegetables  fruits  pesticides residues  investigation and analysis

中文摘要:

      目的 了解2022-2023年度广州市市售蔬菜水果的农药残留情况,保障居民食品安全,为风险评估提供可靠的数据支撑。方法? 利用液相色谱串联质谱法和气相色谱串联质谱法对采集的14类共2246份蔬菜水果样品进行农药残留筛查,检测项目一共256种,依据GB 2763-2021食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量对检测结果进行评价,超过最大残留限量即为不合格。结果? 2246份样品中检出率为62.11%,其中蔬菜、水果的检出率分别为59.62%、70.80%,蔬菜中检出率排名前三的是茄果类、豆类和叶菜类,水果中排名前三的是柑橘类、核果类、浆果和其他小型水果类；不合格率为2.94%,蔬菜中豆类、鳞茎类、根茎薯芋类不合格率排名前三,水果中柑橘类、浆果和其他小型水果类、热带和亚热带水果类的不合格率位居前三,禁限用农药超标导致的不合格占不合格样品的三分之二。结论? 筛查发现大部分蔬菜水果样品的农药残留均在国标规定的最大残留限量范围之内,但禁限用农药不合格的情况依然存在,应加强宣传引导和监管力度。

英文摘要:

      Objective To understand pesticides residues in vegetables and fruits sold in Guangzhou from 2022 to 2023, and ensure the food safety, provide reliable data support for risk assessment. Methods 2246 vegetables and fruits in 14 categories were collected and 256 pesticides were monitored by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results were determined according to the Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food of National Food Safety Standard (GB 2763-2021), beyond the limits were unqualified samples. Results The total detection rates of 2246 samples were 62.11%, the detection rates of vegetables were 59.62%, and the fruits were 70.80%. The top three highest detection rates were solanaceous fruit vegetables, leguminous vegetables and leaf vegetables in vegetable samples. Citrus fruits, stone fruits, berries and the other small fruits were ranked in the top three in fruit samples. The exceeding rates were 2.94%, the top three highest rates were leguminous vegetables, bulb vegetables, roots and tuber vegetables in vegetable samples, and citrus fruits, berries and the other small fruits, tropical and subtropical fruits in fruit samples. The samples caused by excessive use of banned and restricted pesticides accounted for two-thirds of the over-standard samples. Conclusion The pesticides residues in most of the samples were under the maximum residue limits, but the over-standard of banned and restricted pesticides still exists, publicity, guidance and supervision should be strengthened.