多组学技术在食用菌保鲜中的应用研究进展

Research progress in the application of multi omics in postharvest preservation of edible mushrooms

中文关键词:  食用菌  保鲜  蛋白质组学  转录组学  代谢组学  微生物组学

英文关键词:edible mushrooms  preservation  proteomics  transcriptomics  metabolomics  microbiomics

中文摘要:

      食用菌采后保鲜技术的研究及应用对提升食用菌全产业链的竞争力有着不可或缺的作用。近年来, 随着生鲜菌菇消费量大幅增长, 消费者对菌菇品质也愈发关注。因此, 提高对生鲜菌菇品质劣变机制的科学认知和开发精准高效的智能保鲜技术将对促进食用菌物流贮运和鲜食消费具有重要意义。当前, 多种组学技术可以从不同层面、多尺度、深维度解析子实体组织、细胞结构、细胞器、胞内胞外生物大分子及代谢物的时空变化特征, 涉及食用菌采后劣变及衰老过程的基因表达、蛋白变化、代谢调控和微生物侵染等诸多方面, 为深入探求食用菌采后劣变机制提供了新方法、新途径和新视角。本文重点阐述了近年来多种组学技术(转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和微生物组学)在食用菌采后保鲜方面的应用进展, 对应用效果进行了分析总结, 并对相关研究趋势进行展望, 以期为食用菌采后保鲜研究提供参考, 并为探索新型、绿色、高效的、低成本的食用菌保鲜方法打开新思路。

英文摘要:

      The research and application of post-harvest preservation technologies for mushrooms are crucial in enhancing the competitiveness of the entire industry chain. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the consumption of fresh mushrooms, leading to a growing concern among consumers regarding their quality. Therefore, improving the scientific understanding of the quality deterioration mechanism of fresh mushrooms and developing precise and efficient intelligent preservation technology is of great significance in advancing the logistics, storage, transportation of fresh mushrooms, and fresh food consumption. Currently, multiple omics technologies can analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of fruiting body tissue, cell structure, organelles, intracellular and extracellular biomacromolecules and metabolites from different levels, multi-scale and deep dimensions, involving many aspects such as gene expression, protein change, metabolic regulation, and microbial infection in the process of postharvest senescence and deterioration and of mushrooms. These omics technologies provide new methods, perspectives, and insights for further exploring the mechanisms of post-harvest deterioration of mushrooms. This paper examined the recent advancements in various omics technologies (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiomics) in the postharvest preservation of mushrooms in recent years, evaluating the effectiveness of these technologies as well as discussing future research trends to offer insights for further studies, in order to serve as a reference for postharvest preservation research on mushrooms and spark new ideas for investigating innovative, green, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly methods of preserving mushrooms.