膳食组分与膳食模式对肠道微生物的影响研究进展

Research progress on the effects of dietary components and dietary patterns on gut microbiota

中文关键词:  膳食  肠道微生物  机体健康

英文关键词:diet  gut microbiota  body health

中文摘要:

      肠道微生物在人体内形成复杂的微观生态系统, 能够对机体健康产生显著影响。膳食因素可以塑造肠道微生物, 影响肠道微生物发挥功能。在此前的综述中, 主要聚焦在膳食脂肪、膳食蛋白质、膳食碳水与高丰度菌门的相关研究, 忽视了食品添加剂、功能性物质等膳食因素对于肠道微生物的影响, 也少有聚焦于低丰度关键微生物的研究。本文综述了近年来有关膳食与肠道微生物的研究, 对膳食种类、含量、膳食节律及其组合形成的膳食模式对于肠道微生物与机体健康的相关影响进行了论述, 总结了肠道微生物与机体病理状态的相关研究, 从状态相的角度解释膳食如何通过导向性饲喂影响肠道微生物组成结构, 旨在能为进一步应用精准营养策略调控肠道微生物, 保护机体健康与肠道平衡提供思路。

英文摘要:

      Gut microbiota form a complex microecosystem in the human body, which can significantly affect the health of the body. Dietary factors can shape the gut microbiota and affect the function of gut microbiota. In the previous review, the research mainly focused on the correlation between dietary fat, dietary protein, dietary carbohydrate and high-abundance phylum, ignored the effect of dietary factors such as food additives and functional substances on gut microbiota, and few studies focused on low-abundance key microbiota. This article reviewed recent studies on the relationship between diet and gut microbiota, discussed the effects of dietary type, content, dietary rhythm and dietary patterns formed by their combination on gut microbiota and body health, and summarized the related research on gut microbiota and body pathological state. This paper explained how diet affects the composition and structure of gut microbiota through directed feeding from the perspective of state phase, in order to provide ideas for further application of precision nutritionstrategies regulate gut microbiota and protect body health and gut balance.