吉林省种植基地蔬菜中农药污染特征及风险评价

Features and risk assessment of pesticide pollution in planting bases vegetables of Jilin Province

中文关键词:  农药  蔬菜  污染特征  风险系数法  安全指数法

英文关键词:pesticide  vegetables  pollution characteristics  risk coefficient method  safety index method

中文摘要:

      目的 了解吉林省种植基地蔬菜中农药残留情况, 并探明其污染风险状况。方法 在吉林省7个市县采集211份蔬菜样品, 测定其中80种农药残留水平, 并分别用危害物风险系数法和食品安全指数法评价其风险状况。结果 共检出农药25种, 检出率最高的为啶虫脒, 超标率最高的是氧乐果; 农药残留超标的蔬菜为韭菜、芹菜、马铃薯、茄子和菜豆; 从风险系数法结果看, 氧乐果为高风险农药, 毒死蜱和腐霉利为中风险农药; 从食品安全指数评价结果看, 吉林省蔬菜质量安全整体状况是可接受的, 但克百威、氧乐果在蔬菜中残留的风险超过了可接受的限度, 应该进入风险管理程序。结论 吉林省基地蔬菜中存在农药残留及超标情况, 且存在农药多残留累积风险, 建议相关部门加强对蔬菜生产者进行合理用药的培训, 抓好产中的技术指导和产后的监管, 保证蔬菜整体质量安全。

英文摘要:

      Objective To explore the pesticide residues and to analyze the risk in the planting base vegetables of Jilin Province. Methods The 211 pieces vegetable samples were collected from 7 cities and counties in Jilin Province, and 80 kinds of pesticide residues were determined, the risk status was evaluated by hazard risk coefficient method and food safety index method respectively. Results The 25 kinds of pesticides were detected, the acetamiprid was with the highest detection times, and the omethoate was with the results of highest over limit times; the pesticide residues of leek, celery, potato, eggplant and kidney bean were exceeded the limit; according to the results of risk coefficient method, the omethoate was a high-risk pesticide, and chlorpyrifos and pyomethor were medium risk pesticides; from the food safety index evaluation results, the overall quality and safety of vegetables in Jilin Province was acceptable, but the risk of carbofuran and omethoate residues in vegetables exceeded the acceptable limit, should be managed. Conclusion The pesticide residues and excessive pesticide residues at planting base vegetables are existed in Jilin Province, and there is a risk of accumulation of pesticide residues, it is suggested that relevant departments should strengthen the training of vegetable producers on the usage of rational drugs, and pay attention to the technical guidance during production and post production supervision, to ensure the overall quality and safety of vegetables.