美国营养标签发展特征及其对我国食品营养标签制度的启示

Development characteristics of nutrition labeling in the United States and its enlightenments to food nutrition labeling system in China

中文关键词:  营养事实标签  包装正面标签  营养标签  国际经验  美国  启示

英文关键词:nutrition facts label  front of package labeling  nutrition labeling  international experience  United States  enlightenments

中文摘要:

      我国居民超重肥胖与膳食相关慢性病问题日益凸显, 这对食品营养标签提出新的要求。美国是全世界最早标示营养标签且相关法规比较完善的国家, 其实践经验对我国营养标签制度改革有重要启发。本文总结了美国现行营养事实标签、心脏检查标志、指引星标签、NuVal评分标签、正面事实标签的发展特征, 发现其实施主体多元化, 包括政府、企业、非营利性社会组织。此外, 营养事实标签与包装正面(front of package, FOP)标签优势互补, FOP标签弥补营养事实标签的不易理解, 营养事实标签为FOP标签信息提供依据; FOP标签广泛应用于预包装食品、生鲜农产品和菜品; 营养标签与手机应用程序的相互结合, 提供了更多附加值服务。未来我国营养标签制度可沿着丰富营养成分表信息、探索生鲜农产品FOP标签、引入企业FOP标签认证等方向改革。

英文摘要:

      The problems of overweight, obesity and diet-related chronic diseases are increasingly prominent in China, which puts forward new requirements for food nutrition labeling. The United States is the first country in the world to label nutrition, and the relevant laws and regulations are relatively perfect. The practical experience of the United States is an important inspiration for the reform of nutrition labeling system in China. This paper summarized the development characteristics of nutrition fact label, heart examination mark, guide star label, NuVal score label and positive fact label in the United States, and found that the main body of implementation was diversified, including government, enterprises and non-profit social organizations. In addition, nutrition fact label and front of package (FOP) label complemented each other. FOP label made up for the incomprehensibility of nutrition fact label, and nutrition fact label provided the basis for FOP label information. FOP label was widely used in prepackaged food, fresh agricultural products and dishes. The combination of nutrition labels and mobile applications provided more value-added services. In the future, China's nutrition labeling system can be reformed along the direction of enriching nutrition information, exploring fresh agricultural products FOP label, introducing enterprise FOP label certification.