食品中过敏原及其检测方法的研究进展

Research progress of food allergens and its detection methods

中文关键词:  食物过敏  过敏原  蛋白家族  检测技术

英文关键词:food allergy  allergen  protein family  detection technology

中文摘要:

      食物过敏作为食品安全的热点问题在全球引起了广泛关注。目前食物过敏仍无有效的根治方法, 严格避免摄入致敏食品仍是过敏性疾病防治的最有效方式。因此, 食品中过敏原的识别鉴定、性质分析及检测方法的研究至关重要。本文针对八大类过敏食物, 从分子结构、免疫学特性等方面介绍了常见食物过敏原的研究进展; 归纳了现阶段用于食品中过敏原分析的常规检测方法, 以及在此基础上发展而来的新兴检测方法, 并比较分析了不同检测技术方法的优缺点。相比于植物源性过敏原, 动物源性过敏原的相关研究有待深入, 尤其是蛋白家族的确定及空间结构解析等是未来动物源性过敏原研究的重要方向; 目前食品中常见过敏原的常规检测方法及新兴检测方法依然存在检测效率和准确性不高、成本昂贵等局限性, 将不同技术方法相结合, 建立高效、准确、低成本的过敏原检测方法仍是该研究领域发展的重要趋势。

英文摘要:

      Food allergy is a front-burner issue for food safety, which has obtained widespread attention globally in recent years. There is no effective therapeutic method for food allergy, food avoidance is mainly in practice the only way to prevent hypersensitive consumers from ingesting allergens. Thus, it is imperative to provide complete information on food allergens and establish accurate allergen detection technology. This work introduced the research progress of food allergens from the aspects of molecular structure and immunological features; furthermore, main detection methods of food allergens and newly developed technologies were summarized, and the advantages, benefits and limitations of each approach were discussed. Compared to plant derived food allergen, the related research of animal allergens needs to be deepened, especially the determination of protein family and spatial structure analysis are the important directions of animal allergen research in the future; At present, the conventional detection methods and emerging detection methods of common allergens in food still have limitations such as low detection efficiency and accuracy, and high cost. Combining different technical methods to establish efficient, accurate and low-cost allergen detection methods is still an important trend in the development of this research field.