运动员在训练期和比赛期膳食结构及生化指标的对照分析

Comparative analysis of dietary structure and biochemical indexes of athletes during training and competition

中文关键词:  运动员  膳食结构  生化指标

英文关键词:athletes  dietary structure  biochemical indicators

中文摘要:

      目的 比较分析运动员在训练期和比赛期膳食结构及生化指标。方法 于我市游泳运动员中随机抽取20名, 应用称重法进行膳食回顾调查, 计算运动员每天各类食物摄入量, 于训练期的连续2周周三、比赛日与比赛次日早上空腹取血, 测定运动员生化指标。结果 在训练期, 膳食结构中各类食物的摄入量均低于比赛期, 训练期与比赛期对比, 差异显著(P＜0.05)。训练期运动员红细胞数(red blood cell, RBC)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin, Hb)、红细胞压积(hematocrit, Hct)、肌酸激酶(creatine kinase, CK)、睾酮(testosterone, T)、皮质醇(cortisol, C)、血清铁(serum iron, SI)、铁蛋白(serum ferritin, SF)水平与比赛日相差无几, 均高于比赛次日, 与比赛次日存在显著差异(P＜0.05)。训练期运动员尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN)水平与比赛日相差无几, 低于比赛次日, 与比赛次日存在显著差异(P＜0.05)。结论 在训练期和比赛前, 运动员的膳食结构与生化指标不存在显著差异, 在比赛次日, 运动员的膳食结构、生化指标存在显著差异, 应在运动员比赛完成后, 进一步合理调整膳食结构, 提高运动员的运动能力。

英文摘要:

      Objective To compare and analyze the dietary structure and biochemical indexes of athletes during training and competition. Methods A total of 20 athletes were randomly selected from the city, and their daily food intake was calculated by weighing method. Fasting blood was taken on wednesdays of two consecutive weeks during the training period, on the competition day and in the morning after the competition day, and biochemical indexes were determined. Results In the training period, the intake of all kinds of food in the dietary structure was lower than that in the competition period, and the difference between the training period and the competition period was significant (P<0.05). Training athletes red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells deposited (Hct), creatine kinase (CK), T (testosterone), cortisol (C), serum protein (SI), ferritin (SF) levels with matchday, were higher than in the game the next day, with the game the next day there were significant differences (P<0.05). The level of urea nitrogen (BUN) in the training period was almost the same as that on the competition day, lower than that on the next day of competition, and there was significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion During the training period and before the competition, there is no significant difference between the dietary structure and biochemical indexes of the athletes. On the second day of the competition, there is significant difference between the dietary structure and biochemical indexes of the athletes. Therefore, the nutritional supply should be increased to improve the athletic ability of the athletes after the competition.