中国与欧亚经济联盟主要国家重要贸易农食产品重金属限量标准对比分析

Comparative analysis of heavy metal limit standards for important trade agricultural and food products between China and the main countries of the Eurasian Economic Union

中文关键词:  中国  欧亚经济联盟  重要贸易  农食产品  重金属  限量标准

英文关键词:China  Eurasian Economic Union  important trade  agricultural and food products  heavy metal  limit standard

中文摘要:

      中国和欧亚经济联盟(Eurasian Economic Union, EAEU)在食品的分类方式上有各自的特点和区别。我国食品分类较为全面但食品种类相对比较笼统, 细分度仍然不够; EAEU食品大类虽然不多但具体食品种类规定得比较详细和具体。我国和EAEU在重金属限量标准方面有较大差异, 我国对于重要贸易农食产品制定了更为严格的铅限量指标, 可以比较铅限量的22种农食产品中有11种农食产品我国规定了更低的铅限量标准; EAEU制定了更为严格的镉限量指标, 可以比较镉限量的17种农食产品中有7种产品EAEU规定了更低的镉限量; 此外, EAEU规定了部分重要贸易农食产品的镉、砷和汞的限量, 而我国GB 2762中未有相关规定; 造成这些差异的原因主要是中国和EAEU各国环境中重金属含量差异较大, 而且也与各自的饮食习惯、社会文化因素、人群暴露风险和农食产品管理方式不同有关。要推动中国与欧亚经济联盟主要国家重要贸易农食产品出口贸易, 需要政府、企业等多方合作共同促进。本文介绍了欧亚经济联盟主要国家从中国进口的重要贸易农食产品类别、中国与欧亚经济联盟农食产品的重金属限量标准与法规情况, 并且从食品分类方式、农食产品限量指标等方面将中国和EAEU重要贸易农食产品重金属限量进行对比分析, 以期为监管部门和企业进行相关研究和促进中国-欧亚经济联盟的农食产品贸易提供参考。

英文摘要:

      China and Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) have their own characteristics and differences in food classification, food classification in China is more comprehensive, but the food categories are relatively more general and the degree of subdivision is still not enough. The EAEU has a small number of food categories, but the specific food categories are more detailed and specific. There are great differences in the heavy metal limit standards between China and EAEU. China has set stricter lead limits for important trade agricultural and food products, and 11 of 22 agricultural food products that lead limits can be compared have lower lead limit standards in China; EAEU has set stricter cadmium limits, 7 of 17 agricultural food products that cadmium limits can be compared have lower cadmium limit standards in EAEU; in addition, EAEU has stipulated the limits of cadmium, arsenic, and mercury in some important agricultural and food products, but there are no relevant regulations in GB 2762. These differences are mainly due to the large differences in the content of heavy metals in the environment of China and EAEU countries, as well as their different dietary habits, social and cultural factors, population exposure risks and management methods of agricultural food products. In order to promote the export trade of important agricultural and food products between China and the major countries of EAEU, the government and enterprises and other parties need to cooperate with each other to promote the export trade. This paper introduced the categories of important trade agricultural food products imported from China by the main countries of EAEU, the heavy metal limit standards and regulations of agricultural food products between China and EAEU, and made a comparative analysis of heavy metal limit of important trade agricultural food products between China and EAEU from the aspects of food classification and limit indicators of agricultural food products. It could provide reference for regulatory authorities and enterprises to carry out relevant research and promote the trade of agricultural and food products in China and EAEU.