日本核电站事故对蘑菇的放射性污染(137Cs)特征及去除污染的研究进展

Research progress on the characteristics and removal of radioactive pollution (137Cs) from mushroom caused by nuclear power plant accident in Japan

中文关键词:  福岛核电站事故  蘑菇  放射性物质  137Cs  净化

英文关键词:Fukushima nuclear power plant accident  mushroom  radioactive substance  137Cs  decontamination

中文摘要:

      日本福岛核电站事故导致大量人工放射性物质释放到环境中。蘑菇可以将周围环境的放射性物质富集在子实体内, 使其在生态系统中循环, 而消费者可能误买误食受污染蘑菇, 造成放射性物质在人体内蓄积。通过查阅大量文献发现: 蘑菇中放射性铯来源有多种, 主要源自其生长的底物; 蘑菇中放射性铯含量高低, 与距事故发生地的距离和蘑菇自身的营养机制有着很大关系; 去除放射性物质, 可以通过减少环境中的放射性铯或者简单水煮、油炸来减少食用蘑菇的放射性。本文就蘑菇中放射性铯的来源, 积累方式, 产生差异的原因及去除方法进行概述, 以期为我国构建蘑菇类放射性污染特征及去除污染方法数据库提供支撑。

英文摘要:

      The accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan resulted in the release of large amounts of artificial radioactive material into the environment. Mushrooms can accumulate the radioactive materials from the surrounding environment in the fruiting body, making it circulate in the ecosystem, while consumers may consume the contaminated mushrooms by mistake, resulting in excessive accumulation of radioactive material in the human body. After reviewing a large number of literatures, we found that: there were many sources of radioactive cesium in mushrooms, mainly from the substrate on which they grew, the content of radioactive cesium was related to the distance from the accident site and the nutrient mechanism of the mushroom itself, and the removal of the radioactive material could be achieved by reducing the radioactive cesium from the environment or simply by boiling or frying the mushrooms to reduce the pollution of radioactive cesium. This article summarized the sources of radioactive cesium in mushrooms, the accumulation methods, the reasons for the differences and the removal methods, in order to provide supports for the establishment of a database of mushroom radioactive pollution characteristics and decontamination methods in China.