饮用水生物性污染物快速检测技术研究进展

Research progress of rapid detection technology of biological contaminations in drinking water

中文关键词:  饮用水  生物性污染物  检测技术  综述比较

英文关键词:drinking water, biological contaminations, detection technology, review and comparison

中文摘要:

      饮用水微生物安全问题大多源于细菌、病毒、原生动物和藻类等生物性污染。加强饮用水生物性污染物的检测与监测, 防止消费者饮用存在生物性污染的水, 对保障饮用水的生物性安全具有十分重要的意义。当前饮用水微生物检测工作中, 主要采用国标检测方法对4项常规微生物及2项非常规微生物指标进行检测, 存在指标覆盖不全、耗时较长、操作复杂等不足, 难以满足饮用水生物性污染物监测的现实需求。因此, 本文重点对饮用水生物性污染物的各种快速检测与筛查技术, 如微生物快速测试片检测技术、生物荧光检测技术、流式细胞仪检测技术、PCR检测技术、等温扩增检测技术、基因芯片检测技术、高通量测序检测技术等进行综述、比较与探讨, 以期为饮用水中生物性污染物快速检测与筛查提供适宜的技术参考基础。

英文摘要:

      Most incidents of microbial safety in drinking water originate from bacteria, viruses, protozoa and algae. It is of great significance to strengthen biological contaminants detection and monitoring in drinking water and keep consumers away from biologically contaminated drinking water. According to the current national standard, microbial detection of drinking water includes only 4 conventional and 2 nonconventional microbiological indexes, which covers only a small part of detection indexes, requires long time, has complicated operation steps, etc. It can hardly meet the actual needs of biological contamination monitoring in drinking. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on the review, comparison and discussion of rapid detection and screening technologies of biological contaminations in drinking water, such as microbial test slip, ATP bioassay, flow cytometry, PCR detection, nucleic acid isothermal amplification, gene chip detection, high throughput sequencing and so on, in order to provide a suitable technical reference for rapid detection and screening of biological contaminations in drinking water.