核酸适配体检测食品中的重金属研究进展

Progress in the determination of heavy metals in food by aptamer

中文关键词:  食品安全  适配体  重金属  检测

英文关键词:food safety  aptamer  heavy metal  detection

中文摘要:

      近些年食品中重金属超标引发很多问题, 严重危害人民群众的生命健康和社会稳定。传统重金属检测方法有原子吸收光谱法, 原子荧光光谱法和X射线荧光光谱法等, 其具有检测灵敏度高, 选择性好, 检测方法成熟等优点, 但是也存在着检测仪器昂贵, 前处理复杂, 检测所需时间长, 不易携带, 不能满足快速、简单、现场测定的实际需要等不足。科研工作者一直在不断探索能够快速, 灵敏, 高效的检测重金属的技术。适配体具有特异性强, 灵敏度高, 稳定性好等优点, 已经成为一种新型识别分子, 被广泛应用于食品中重金属的检测。本文综述了近年来适配体在镉、汞、铅、砷等重金属检测领域的研究, 并对核酸技术在重金属检测方面进行展望。

英文摘要:

      In recent years, heavy metals in food have caused a series of problems, which seriously endanger the people’s life and health and social stability. Traditional heavy metal detection methods include atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. They have the advantages of high detection sensitivity, good selectivity, and mature detection methods. However, there are also some shortcomings, such as expensive detection instruments, complex pre-processing, long detection time, difficulty in carrying, and inability to meet the practical needs of quick and simple field determination. Researchers are constantly exploring techniques for detecting heavy metals quickly, sensitively and efficiently. The aptamer has the advantages of high specificity, high sensitivity and good stability, and has become a new type of recognition molecule, which is widely used in the detection of heavy metals in food. This article reviewed the detection of heavy metal such as Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+ and As3+ in recent years and discussed further prospect.