扬州市2015~2017年诺如病毒感染聚集性疫情分子流行病学特征分析

Molecular epidemiology of norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks in Yangzhou city from 2015 to 2017

中文关键词:  诺如病毒  胃肠炎  聚集性疫情  基因分型

英文关键词:norovirus  gastroenteritis  outbreak  genotyping

中文摘要:

      目的 分析扬州市2015~2017年诺如病毒感染聚集性疫情的流行病学特征。方法 收集扬州市2015~2017年26起诺如病毒感染聚集性疫情的流行病学资料及腹泻粪便样本, 用荧光定量反转录PCR(reverse transcription PCR, RT-PCR)方法对452份粪便样本进行诺如病毒核酸检测。结果 2015~2017年, 扬州市共报告诺如病毒感染聚集性疫情26起, 病例1403例, 罹患率波动在1.07%~15.02%, 452份急性胃肠炎患者粪便样本中诺如病毒阳性184例, 阳性率为40.71%。26起疫情中15起(57.69%)发生于小学, 初中、幼儿园分别6起(23.08%)和5起(19.23%), 疫情多发于寒冷季节, 23起(88.46%)发生在冬春季节。病毒分型全部为诺如病毒GII型。结论 诺如病毒已成为扬州地区急性胃肠炎聚集性疫情的主要病原之一, 冬春季节高发, GII型是主要基因型别, 学校和托幼机构是高发场所, 应加强学校和托幼机构诺如病毒感染的监测。

英文摘要:

      Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks in Yangzhou city in 2015~2017. Methods Epidemiologic data and specimens of 26 gastroenteritis outbreaks in Yangzhou city from January 2015 to December 2017 were collected. All 452 specimens were detected for norovirus nucleic acid by using real-time RT-PCR method. Results There were 26 norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks with 452 cases in Yangzhou City during 2015~2017 with attack rates from 1.07% to 15.02% and positive rate of 40.71%. Fifteen outbreaks occurred in primary schools, 6 outbreaks occurred in middle schools and 5 outbreaks occurred in nurseries. Outbreaks occurred with a higher incidence in cold seasons. Twenty-three outbreaks occurred during December and April of the following year. All 26 outbreaks were induced by genogroup II norovirus infection. Conclusion Norovirus has become one of the most major pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in Yangzhou City, and genogroup II norovirus is identified as the predominant strains. Outbreak of norovirus infection usually occurs in schools and nurseries during winter and spring. The surveillance for norovirus infection should be strengthened in schools and nurseries, especially in cold seasons.