胆甾醇的结构修饰与生物活性研究进展

Research progress on structural modification and bioactivities of cholesterol

中文关键词:  胆甾醇  结构修饰  生物活性

英文关键词:cholesterol  structural modification  bioactivities

中文摘要:

      胆甾醇又叫胆甾-5-烯-3β-醇, 是一种环戊烷多氢菲的衍生物。胆甾醇广泛存在于动物体内, 尤以脑及神经组织中最为丰富, 在肾、脾、皮肤、肝和胆汁中含量也较高。其溶解性与脂肪类似, 不溶于水, 易溶于乙醚、氯仿等溶剂。胆甾醇是动物组织细胞所不可缺少的重要物质, 不仅参与细胞膜的形成, 而且是合成胆汁酸和甾体激素的原料。胆甾醇经代谢还能转化为类固醇激素、7-脱氢胆甾醇, 并且7-脱氢胆甾醇经紫外线照射就会转变为人体所需的维生素D3。在体内虽有着广泛的生理作用, 但当其过量时便会对机体产生不利的影响。近年来, 将胆甾醇进行结构修饰改变活性正受到越来越多的关注。本文主要对近10年来胆甾醇的结构修饰及其修饰后活性作用的研究进展进行综述。

英文摘要:

      Cholesterol and cholest-5-ene-3β-called alcohol, is a cyclopentane multiple hydrogen phenanthrene derivatives. Cholesterol is widely present in animals, especially abundant in the brain and nerve tissue, and its content is high in the kidney, spleen, skin, liver and bile. Its solubility is similar to fat. It is insoluble in water, and soluble in ether, chloroform and other solvents. Cholesterol is indispensable material of animal tissue cells, and involved in not only the formation of cell membranes, but also the synthesis of bile acids, vitamin D3 and steroid hormone raw materials. By metabolism, cholesterol can also be converted to steroid hormones and 7-dehydrocholesterol, and 7-dehydrocholesterol can transform into vitamin D3 by ultraviolet radiation. Although cholesterol has wide physiological functions, it will have negative effects on the body when it is excess. In recent years, changing the activity of cholesteric by structure modification is receiving more and more attention. This paper summarized the progress of structure modification of cholesterol and its activity effects after modification over the past decade.