山东地区饲料原料真菌污染状况调查

Survey on fungi invasion of feed ingredients from Shandong province

中文关键词:  饲料原料  真菌  产毒真菌  污染

英文关键词:feed ingredients  fungi  toxigenic fungi  contamination

中文摘要:

      目的 调查山东地区饲料原料真菌污染状况。方法 从山东地区代表性饲料生产企业采集豆粕、棉籽粕、麦麸、可溶性干酒糟(distillers dried grains with soluble, DDGS)和玉米粉5种饲料原料样品, 密封送至实验室采用平板稀释法接种分离, 并对不同样品的真菌进行鉴定。结果 5种饲料原料的真菌检出率分别为豆粕(76.19%)、棉籽粕(68.75%)、麦麸(85.71%)、DDGS (21.62%)和玉米粉(100%)。玉米粉带菌量最高, 达4.75×105 cfu/g; 豆粕带菌量最低, 均小于103 cfu/g。污染真菌种类多样, 共检出曲霉属8种、镰刀菌属3种、青霉属7种、其他真菌19种, 其中以黄曲霉、串珠镰刀菌和串珠镰刀菌胶孢变种最为常见。结论 山东地区饲料原料受真菌污染较普遍, 不同种类饲料原料受真菌污染水平不同。污染的黄曲霉和镰刀菌可能含产毒菌株, 值得关注。

英文摘要:

      Objective To survey the fungi contamination of feed ingredients in Shandong province. Methods Soybean meal, cottonseed meal, wheat bran, distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS) and corn flour were collected from typical feed enterprises in Shandong province. Feed ingredients were sealed and sent to the laboratory for isolation by using plate dilution method, and the fungi were identified. Results The detection rate of fungi contamination for 5 kinds of feed ingredients were soybean meal (76.19%), cottonseed meal(68.75%), wheat bran(85.71%), DDGS(21.62%), and corn flour(100%), respectively. Corn flour had the highest amount of fungi, up to 4.75×105 cfu/g, soybean meal had the lowest amount of fungi, and the amount of fungi of the soybean meal samples were less than 103 cfu/g. Several kinds of fungi were found, including 8 species of Aspergillus, 3 species of Fusarium, 7 species of Penicillium and 19 others kinds of fungi. Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium moniliforme and F. moniliforme colletotrichum variant were the most common fungi. Conclusion The feed ingredients from Shandong province were commonly contaminated by fungi. The fungi contamination frequencies of feed ingredients varied for different types of samples. Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium spp. were probable toxic fungi from feed ingredients, and should be pay more attention.