草甘膦的毒性作用及暴露风险评估

Toxic effects and exposurerisk assessment of glyphosate

中文关键词:  草甘膦  毒性  暴露风险

英文关键词:glyphosate  toxicity  exposure risk

中文摘要:

      本文就草甘膦的毒性作用及其机制研究进展进行综述, 并对草甘膦暴露风险作出了评估, 最后对该领域的研究方向提出了展望。草甘膦在使用过程中可能会对生物体造成影响或危害, 继而发生急性中毒; 草甘膦的靶器官毒性作用主要包括肝毒性、生殖毒性和神经毒性作用, 草甘膦能降低鼠肝细胞色素P450酶活性, 从而可能对肝脏产生毒性作用;草甘膦的生殖毒性作用可能是通过抑制芳香化酶的活性、产生氧化损伤等方面造成; 草甘膦的神经毒性作用则可能是通过降低脑中5-羟色氨酸含量引起的。通过初步的点评估发现中国人群的草甘膦暴露水平为73.23 μg/kg bw, 占中国ADI(1 mg/kg bw)的7.32%, 暂时没有暴露风险, 虽有大量的文献研究发现草甘露暴露和癌症发生率之间没有明显的相关性, 但也有文献报道草甘膦的暴露与非霍奇金淋巴瘤发生率有关。

英文摘要:

      This paper summarized the toxiceffects, toxic mechanism andexposure risk assessment of glyphosate, and some suggestions for further research were presented.Glyphosate may cause an effect or damage to organisms in the use process, and cause acute toxicity effect. Target organ toxicity of glyphosate mainly in-cludes liver toxicity, reproductive toxicity and neurotoxicity. Glyphosate can reduce P450 enzyme activity in rat liver cytochromes, which may have toxic effects on the liver, and the reproductive toxicity of glyphosate may be caused by inhibition of aromatase activity and oxidative damage. The neurotoxic effects of glyphosate may be caused by the decrease of 5-HT in the brain. The glyphosate exposure level of Chinese population is 73.23 μg/kg bw by point assessment, accounted for 7.32% of China ADI, glyphosate does not pose ahealth risk to humans. The exposure risk assessment of glyphosate is still controversial, although there is a large literature which found no significant association between glyphosate and cancers, but also some literature reported the significant association between glyphosate exposure and non Hodgkin's lymphoma.