植物遗传资源核心种质研究进展

Advances in core collection of plant germplasm resources

中文关键词:  种质资源  核心种质  遗传多样性

英文关键词:germplasm resource  core collection  genetic diversity

中文摘要:

      核心种质以最少的资源数量和遗传重复, 最大程度地代表了整个遗传资源, 具有异质性、实用性、动态性、多样性和代表性等特征, 在遗传资源的研究方面发挥了重要作用, 对种质资源的保存、评价与利用具有重要意义。核心种质的构建有利于节省资源保存、研究所需的人力、物力, 为育种提供更详细和有用的材料, 提高资源利用及育种效率。本文对植物遗传资源核心种质构建过程中数据搜集整理、数据分析方法、分组方法、取样比例、取样策略及核心种质有效性检验等方面进行了全面系统的综述; 对核心种质构建存在的问题及今后发展方向进行了探讨, 认为遗传资源数据缺乏, 应加强数据搜集整理及核心种质构建, 同时核心种质具动态变化特性, 应加强动态管理及深入评价与应用研究。

英文摘要:

      Core collection was established to represent the maximum of the genetic diversity of the whole resources with the minimum of accessions and redundancy, which had characteristics of heterogeneity, practicality, dynamic, diversity and representativeness. Core collection played an important role in the study of re-sources, which showed an important significance for the conservation, evaluation and utilization of resources. The construction of core collection was beneficial to save the manpower and material resources for the conservation and study of resources, to provide more detailed and useful material for breeding and to improve the efficiency of resources utilization and breeding. This paper systematically reviewed the procedure of constructing core collection which included collection and arrangement of data, data analysis method, grouping method, sampling ratio, sampling strategy and effectiveness test of core collection. Present problem and some suggestion about the prospects of development were also discussed. Collection and arrangement of the data should be strengthened with the data shortage of resources, at the same time, core collection should also be constructed. Dynamic management of core collection with the characteristics of dynamic change should be enhanced. Further evaluation and application research of core collection still need to be developed.