土壤中重金属有效性风险评估研究进展

Progresses on risk assessment methods of bioavailability of heavy metal in soils

中文关键词:  重金属  有效性  风险评估  土壤

英文关键词:heavy metal  effectiveness  risk assessment  soil

中文摘要:

      重金属的有效性是进行重金属污染研究的关键内容, 也是进行危险性评估的重要基础。对土壤重金属的有效性进行风险评估是制定、修订食品安全标准和对食品安全实施监督管理的科学依据。由于重金属有效性受多种因素的影响, 且有效态重金属的转化机理十分复杂, 因此其分析方法和手段多种多样且具有很大的发展空间和研究意义。本文详细论述和总结了各种重金属有效性评估方法: 包括总量法、化学提取法、淋洗法等物理化学评估法, 植物指示法、微生物指示法等生物学评价法, 以及陆地生物配体模型等模型综合评价法。同时, 介绍了各种评估方法在重金属有效性评估中的应用, 评述各种方法的研究现状并比较了其各自在有效性评估中的优缺点, 探讨了其未来可能的发展趋势。

英文摘要:

      The effectiveness of the heavy metal is a key part of pollution research and an important basis of the risk assessment. Assessing the effectiveness of heavy metal in soils is also the scientific basis of revising food safety standards and the implementation of food safety supervision and management. Because of the complexity of the validity of heavy metals which is affected by many factors, there are more development space and research significance in analytic methods and means. In this paper, the application of kinds of methods used for assessing the effectiveness of the heavy metal was discussed in detail and summarized, including totalizing method, chemical extraction, leaching method, phytoindicating, microbe indicated method, and model method, etc. In the last, some important research fields were recommended.