石油烃对水产品质量安全影响及风险评估

Impacts and risk assessments of petroleum hydrocarbon on aquatic product quality and safety

中文关键词:  石油烃  水产品  质量安全  风险评估

英文关键词:petroleum hydrocarbons  quality and safety  aquatic product  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      随着工农业的迅猛发展，近海遭到不同程度的污染，特别是石油工业和海上交通运输业的发展，使得石油成为近海中最主要的污染物。石油烃主要是由碳和氢元素组成的烃类物质，包括烷烃、环烷烃、芳香烃三类。水域中石油类污染物通过呼吸和皮肤渗透容易在水生生物体中蓄积，不仅能使鱼、虾、贝类海产品变味，严重时能产生毒性效应，进而影响水产品的食用安全。本文从石油烃的特性、污染现状、国内外限量标准、石油烃污染的感官评定等方面进行了综述，并对人体健康的影响进行了评价，以期为水产品的质量安全监管提供依据。

英文摘要:

      With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, coastal waters have been polluted by various chemical contaminants, especially with the development of oil industry and maritime transportation, making the oil became the main pollutants in the offshore. Petroleum hydrocarbon is a kind of hydrocarbon materials which is primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen elements, including alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Petroleum pollutants are easily accumulated in aquatic organisms in the water through breathing and skin penetration, which not only affect the seafood taste of fish, shrimp and shellfish, but also can produce severe toxic effects, thereby affecting the aquatic food safety. The characteristics of the petroleum hydrocarbons, pollution status, the limited standards at home and abroad, accumulation characteristics, toxicity to aquatic animals and the impacts on human health were reviewed in this paper, in order to provide the basis for aquatic products quality safety supervision.