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| 2024年北京市通州区市售茶叶中农药残留调查与分析 |
| Investigation and analysis of pesticide residues in tea in Tongzhou District of Beijing in 2024 |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-03 修订日期：2025-06-25 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 茶叶 气相色谱串联质谱法 农药残留 食品安全 |
| 英文关键词:tea gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry pesticide residues food safety |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 调查分析2024年北京市通州区市售茶叶中农药残留现状。方法 本研究使用气相色谱串联质谱法（gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, GC-MS/MS）对262份茶叶样品中17种农药残留进行检测分析。结果 通州区市售茶叶中农药残留检出率为96.56%，其中虫螨腈的检出率最高(89.31%)，联苯菊酯次之（85.11%)。检出甲基对硫磷、甲胺磷2种禁用农药及氰戊菊酯、灭线磷2种限用农药，4种禁限用农药均存在超标现象。另在5份样品中检出已淘汰农药六氯苯。残留特征分析显示，75.57%的样品存在2～5种农药复合残留，其中乌龙茶残留种类最多。6类茶叶超标率由高到低依次为：白茶（12.20%）、乌龙茶（10.77%）、黑茶（8.11%）、绿茶（6.52%）、黄茶（5.88%）、红茶（1.79%）。不同售卖场所间农药检出率无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结论 北京市通州区市售茶叶农药残留检出率较高，普遍存在复合污染特征，但总体超标率较低（7.63%）。部分茶叶存在禁限用农药污染的可能，有关部门应加强源头管控和日常监测，保障茶叶质量安全。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To investigate and analyze the current situation of pesticide residues in tea in Tongzhou District market of Beijing in 2024. Methods This study tested and analyzed 17 kinds of pesticide residues in 262 tea samples by using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Results The detection rate of pesticide residues in tea in Tongzhou District was 96.56%. Especially, the detection rate of chlorfenapyr was the highest (89.31%) and bifenthrin was the second (85.11%). Furthermore, two prohibited pesticides (methyl parathion and methamidophos) and two restricted pesticides (fenvalerate and ethoprophos) were detected. These 4 harmful pesticides exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs). In addition, the obsolete pesticide hexachlorobenzene was detected in other five samples. The analysis of residue characteristics revealed that 75.57% of the samples had 2~5 kinds of compound residues, of which oolong tea had the most residues. There were 6 kinds of tea detected to have excessive pesticide residues. The exceedance rate in descending order was white tea (12.20%), oolong tea (10.77%), dark tea (8.11%), green tea (6.52%), yellow tea (5.88%), black tea (1.79%). There was no significant difference in pesticide detection rate among different markets (P > 0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of pesticide residues in tea in Beijing Tongzhou market was high, and complex pollution was common, but the overall over-standard rate was low (7.63%). The presence of prohibited and restricted pesticides in some samples highlights the need for stricter source control and routine monitoring by relevant authorities to ensure tea quality and safety. |
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