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| 2018—2023年北京市延庆区食源性疾病病原学监测结果分析 |
| Analysis of the etiological surveillance results of foodborne diseases in Yanqing District, Beijing from 2018 to 2023 |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-14 修订日期：2025-06-25 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 食源性疾病 病原学监测 病原谱 流行特征 |
| 英文关键词:foodborne diseases etiological surveillance pathogen spectrum epidemic characteristics |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 掌握北京市延庆区食源性疾病病原谱分布和流行特征。方法 2018—2023年采集北京市延庆区2家哨点医院食源性疾病患者便样本, 对其进行肠道病原菌分离培养和诺如病毒核酸检测, 对检测结果进行分析。结果 2018—2023年共采集病例样本1644份, 检出病原体285株, 总检出率为17.34%。病原谱构成比由高到低依次为致泻性大肠埃希菌41.40%、诺如病毒22.11%、沙门氏菌16.49%、弯曲菌15.44%、副溶血性弧菌4.21%、创伤弧菌0.35%, 志贺氏菌未检出。检出270例感染者, 混合感染占5.56%。病原谱具有年度变化特征, 细菌性食源性疾病检出高峰期为夏秋季, 诺如病毒在全年均有检出。男女性别比为1.26:1, 高发人群为25~45岁组, 职业以干部职员感染占比最高, 其中副溶血性弧菌和诺如病毒在干部职员中的检出率最高, 致泻性大肠埃希菌在餐饮食品业人员检出率最高。造成病原体阳性率由高到低的可疑暴露食品依次为饮料与冷冻饮品、肉与肉制品、其他食品等, 其中水产动物及其制品造成副溶血性弧菌检出率最高, 饮料与冷冻饮品类造成致泻性大肠埃希菌检出率最高, 不明食物造成诺如病毒检出率最高。结论 2018—2023年北京市延庆区食源性疾病病原谱具有地域特色, 应在夏秋季重点预防25~45岁人群进食饮料与冷冻饮品、水产动物及其制品、肉与肉制品导致食源性疾病的发生, 同时重点监测诺如病毒的流行病学特征, 以期为该地区的公共卫生决策提供科学依据, 保障人民群众的健康权益。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To grasp the distribution and epidemic characteristics of the pathogen spectrum of foodborne diseases in Yanqing District, Beijing. Methods From 2018 to 2023, stool samples were collected from patients with foodborne diseases in two sentinel hospitals in Yanqing District of Beijing to isolate and culture intestinal pathogens and detect norovirus nucleic acid, and the test results were analyzed. Results From 2018 to 2023, a total of 1644 case samples were collected, and 285 pathogen strains were detected, with a total detection rate of 17.34%. The composition ratio of the pathogen spectrum from high to low was as follows: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli 41.40%, norovirus 22.11%, Salmonella 16.49%, Campylobacter 15.44%, Vibrio parahaemolyticus 4.21%, Vibrio vulnificus 0.35%, and Shigella was not detected. A total of 270 infected cases were detected, with a mixed infection rate of 5.56%. The pathogen spectrum had annual variation characteristics. The peak detection period for bacterial foodborne diseases was summer and autumn, while norovirus was detected throughout the year. The male-to-female ratio was 1.26:1. The high-risk group was the 25–45 age group. Among occupations, the infection rate was highest among cadres and staff. Among them, the detection rates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and norovirus were the highest among cadres and staff, while the detection rate of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli was the highest among catering and food industry personnel. The suspected exposure foods causing the highest to lowest positive rates of pathogens were beverages and frozen desserts, meat and meat products, and other foods. Among them, aquatic animals and their products had the highest detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, beverages and frozen desserts had the highest detection rate of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, and unknown foods had the highest detection rate of norovirus. Conclusion The pathogen spectrum of foodborne diseases in Yanqing District of Beijing from 2018 to 2023 has regional characteristics. The prevention of foodborne diseases caused by consumption of beverages and frozen beverages, aquatic animals and their products, meat and meat products in people aged 25–45 years in summer and autumn., and the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus should be focused on monitoring, so as to provide scientific basis for public health decision-making in this area, Protect the people's rights and interests in health. |
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