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2023年和2024年中国小麦中霉菌毒素污染现状研究 |
Investigation on mycotoxin contamination in wheat in China, 2023 and 2024 |
投稿时间:2024-12-03 修订日期:2025-04-17 |
DOI: |
中文关键词: 小麦 霉菌毒素 液相色谱串联质谱法 酶联免疫法 |
英文关键词:wheat mycotoxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
基金项目:海关总署科研项目(2022HK122,2023HK082) |
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中文摘要: |
目的 探究2023年和2024年我国小麦样品中多种霉菌毒素污染情况及规律。方法 随机采集我国小麦主产区共248份小麦样品(2023年:145份;2024年:103份),同时使用液相色谱串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS)和酶联免疫法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)测定小麦中多种霉菌毒素的含量。结果 248份小麦中霉菌毒素的污染率达到98.0%,这些毒素的阳性率范围在0.4%~87.1%,平均污染水平在0.4~604.3 μg/kg;从产区来看,管制毒素中的呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮的发生在各地都较为普遍,而黄曲霉毒素、伏马毒素和赭曲霉毒素A等只在河南有检出。2024年小麦中呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮等管制毒素,交链孢酚、白僵菌素、恩镰孢菌素、串珠镰刀菌素等新型毒素的阳性均值均低于2023年;此外,研究发现,玉米赤霉烯酮ELISA法检测结果(2023:91.5%,88.5 μg/kg;2024:92.2%,79.4 μg/kg)与LC-MS法(2023:28.7%,17.7 μg/kg;2024:29.1%,5.0 μg/kg)相差较大。结论 2024年小麦霉菌毒素污染程度比2023年低,同时也发现呕吐毒素-3-葡萄糖苷、交链孢酚和白僵菌素等在小麦中的污染水平较高。 |
英文摘要: |
Objective To investigate multiple mycotoxin contamination and patterns in wheat samples from China in 2023 and 2024. Methods A total of 248 wheat samples were randomly collected from the main wheat-producing areas of the country (2023: 145; 2024: 103). Simultaneous determination of various mycotoxins in wheat using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results the total exceeding rate of mycotoxin contamination in 298 wheat was 98.0%. The positivity rate for these mycotoxins ranged from 0.4% to 87.1%, with average contamination levels ranging from 0.4 to 604.3 μg/kg. In terms of production areas, the occurrence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone among the controlled toxins was more prevalent everywhere, whereas |
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