面包蟹不同部位中5种有害重金属分布特征

Distribution characteristics of 5 kinds of harmful heavy metals in different parts of Cancer pagurus

中文关键词:  面包蟹  重金属 电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) 镉  

英文关键词:Cancer pagurus  heavy metals  inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry  cadmium

中文摘要:

      目的 评估进口面包蟹(普通黄道蟹)不同组织部位及整蟹中5种有害重金属的污染水平, 明确其分布特征及食品安全风险。方法 依据GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》, 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)检测面包蟹肝胰腺、蟹黄、蟹腮、蟹身肉、蟹腿肉等9个部位及整蟹中砷、镉、铬、汞、铅的含量, 分析不同部位重金属富集差异及超标情况。结果 镉污染最突出, 肝胰腺中含量最高(达98.60 mg/kg), 超标率95.0%; 砷普遍检出但无明确限量标准, 汞、铅仅在蟹腮等不可食部位超标; 重金属含量总体表现为镉>砷>汞>铅>铬, 可食部位(蟹身肉、蟹腿肉)含量明显低于非食用部位; 整蟹重金属含量受高污染部位(如肝胰腺)影响显著。结论 进口面包蟹存在肝胰腺和性腺等食用存疑部位高度富集镉的风险, 需完善可食部位界定标准并建立针对性风险评估机制, 建议消费者减少高污染部位摄入。本研究为优化进口甲壳类水产品的安全监管策略及膳食指导提供了数据支撑。

英文摘要:

      Objective To evaluate the pollution levels of five harmful heavy metals in different tissue parts and whole crabs of imported Cancer pagurus (common yellow crabs), clarify their distribution characteristics and food safety risks. Methods According to the national standard GB 5009.268—2016 National food safety standard-Determination of multielements in food, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect the content of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and lead in 9 parts of Cancer pagurus liver, pancreas, crab roe, crab gills, crab body meat, crab leg meat and whole crab. The differences in heavy metal enrichment and exceedance in different parts were analyzed. Results Cadmium pollution was the most prominent, with the highest content in the liver and pancreas (up to 98.60 mg/kg) and a exceedance rate of 95.0%; arsenic was commonly detected but there was no clear limit standard, while mercury and lead only exceed the limit in inedible parts such as crab gills; the overall heavy metal content was cadmium>arsenic>mercury>lead>chromium, and the content of edible parts (crab body meat, crab leg meat) was significantly lower than that of non edible parts; the heavy metal content in whole crabs was significantly affected by highly polluted areas such as the liver and pancreas. Conclusion Imported Cancer pagurus pose a high risk of cadmium enrichment in suspected edible parts such as the liver, pancreas and gonads. It is necessary to improve the definition criteria for edible parts and establish a targeted risk assessment mechanism. It is recommended that consumers reduce their intake of highly contaminated parts. This study provides data support for optimizing the safety supervision strategy and dietary guidance of imported crustacean aquatic products.