淡水鱼中渔用麻醉剂与喹诺酮类抗生素残留含量测定及膳食暴露风险评估

Determination of fish sedatives and quinolones residues in freshwater fish and assessment of dietary exposure risk

中文关键词:  渔用麻醉剂、喹诺酮类抗生素、残留含量、膳食暴露风险评估

英文关键词:fish sedatives  quinolones  residues  assessment of dietary exposure risk

中文摘要:

      目的 测定市售淡水鱼中渔用麻醉剂和喹诺酮类抗生素的残留含量并评估其膳食暴露风险。方法 在武汉市8个行政区域中共收集77批淡水鱼, 采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)分别测定渔用麻醉剂(MS-222、苯佐卡因、丁香酚)及喹诺酮类抗生素(恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、诺氟沙星)的含量, 用点评估法分析各化合物的膳食暴露风险。结果 所有样品中均未检出MS-222和苯佐卡因, 检出丁香酚48批次, 含量范围为2.59~1927.30 μg/kg, 不合格率为29.8%, 各年龄段人群膳食暴露风险值均小于0.4%, 膳食风险低。所有样品均未检出培氟沙星和诺氟沙星, 检出恩诺沙星34批, 含量范围为1.74~5585.00 μg/kg, 氧氟沙星2批, 含量范围为36.30~65.60 μg/kg, 总体不合格率为18.2%, 各年龄段人群的膳食暴露风险均小于8.00%。按品种分析, 泥鳅和黄颡鱼中恩诺沙星的含量范围分别为: 2.74~5585.00 μg/kg和6.82~1014.00 μg/kg, 膳食风险分别为: 55.4%和9.0%。结论 该地区使用的渔用麻醉剂为丁香酚, 其特点是检出率高和残留量大, 需要制定规范性文件指导使用。恩诺沙星作为主要的喹诺酮类抗生素药物在该地区使用, 有两个高风险品种: 泥鳅和黄颡鱼, 市场监管部门应重点关注这两个品种的监管。

英文摘要:

      Objective To determine the residual levels of fish sedatives and quinolones residues in commercially freshwater fish and evaluate their dietary exposure risk. Methods A total of 77 batches of freshwater fish were collected in 8 administrative regions of Wuhan City. High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to determine the content of fishing anesthetics (MS-222, benzocaine, eugenol) and quinolone antibiotics (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin), and the dietary exposure risk of each compound was analyzed using a quantitative analysis method. Results MS-222 and benzocaine were not detected in all samples, and 48 batches of eugenol were detected with a content range of 2.59–1927.30 μg/kg, with a failure rate of 29.8%. The dietary exposure risk values for all age groups were less than 0.4%, indicating low dietary risk. All samples did not detect peofloxacin and norfloxacin. Enrofloxacin was detected in 34 batches with a content range of 1.74–5585.00 μg/kg, and ofloxacin was detected in 2 batches with a content range of 36.30–65.60 μg/kg, the overall failure rate was 18.2%, and the dietary exposure risk of all age groups was less than 8.00%. According to species analysis, the content range of enrofloxacin in loaches and yellow catfish was as follows: 2.74–5585.00 μg/kg and 6.82–1014.00 μg/kg, with dietary risks of 55.4% and 9.0%, respectively. Conclusion The fishery anesthetic used in this region is eugenol, which is characterized by high detection rate and large residual amount, and requires the development of normative documents to guide its use. Enrofloxacin, as the main quinolone antibiotic used in the region, has two high-risk species: Loach and yellow catfish. Market regulatory authorities should focus on the supervision of these two species.