基于基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法快速鉴定食品中肠杆菌科细菌及耐药性分析

Rapid identification and drug resistance analysis of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria in food based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry

中文关键词:  基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法  食源性疾病  肠杆菌科  耐药性

英文关键词:matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry  foodborne disease  Enterobacteriaceae  drug resistance

中文摘要:

      目的 了解邯郸地区3类食品中肠杆菌科细菌的污染分布与耐药情况, 构建食源性肠杆菌科的污染数据库。方法 采集邯郸市2023—2024年市售食药物质、特殊膳食用食品和坚果与籽类及其加工制品类食品, 通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱进行肠杆菌科分离鉴定, 同时对肠杆菌科开展定量计数和药敏检测。结果 196份食品中, 检出肠杆菌科阳性样品22份, 阳性率11.2%。散装食品中肠杆菌科检出率20.0%高于预包装食品中的检出率6.3%, 差异有统计学意义(2=8.415, P<0.05)。肠杆菌科细菌污染量总范围在1.00~4.67 lg CFU/g之间。22份阳性食品中鉴定出31株肠杆菌科细菌, 其中包括9个属17种细菌。15种抗生素的药敏实验中32.26%的肠杆菌科细菌为耐药株, 其中氨苄西林(25.81%)和头孢他啶(12.90%)耐药率相对较高, 氯霉素、复方新诺明、粘菌素、头孢噻肟、氨苄西林/舒巴坦和四环素耐药率较低(耐药率均≤10.00%), 而对厄他培南、美罗培南、头孢他啶/阿维巴坦、替加环素、环丙沙星、萘啶酸和阿米卡星的敏感率均为100.00%。散装红枣中检出1株非脱羧勒克氏菌耐抗生素种类最多。结论 邯郸地区食品中存在一定程度的肠杆菌科细菌污染, 散装食品明显比预包装食品污染率高, 肠杆菌科细菌检出种类繁多, 不同细菌耐药性差异明显, 需进一步加强针对性监测工作, 以防控食源性疾病。

英文摘要:

      Objective To understand the contamination distribution and drug resistance of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria in 3 types of food in Handan Area, and to build a contamination database of foodborne Enterobacteriaceae. Methods Food and drug substances, food for special diet, nuts and seeds and their processed products were collected in Handan City from 2023 to 2024. Enterobacteriaceae were isolated and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry, and quantitative count and drug sensitivity test of Enterobacteriaceae were performed. Results Among 196 food samples, 22 samples were positive for Enterobacteriaceae, positive rate 11.2%. The detection rate of Enterobacteriaceae in bulk food was 20.0% higher than 6.3% in pre-packaged food, and the difference was statistically significant (2=8.415, P<0.05). The total contamination of Enterobacteriaceae ranged from 1.00–4.67 lg CFU/g. The 31 strains of Enterobacteriaceae were identified in 22 positive foods, including 17 kinds of bacteria from 9 genera. In the drug susceptibility test of 15 kinds of antibiotics, 32.26% of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were drug-resistant strains, and the resistance rates of ampicillin (25.81%) and ceftazidime (12.90%) were relatively high, while the resistance rates of chloramphenicol,compound sulfamethoxazole tablets, colistin, cefotaxime, ampicillin/sulbactam and tetracycline were relatively low (all resistance rates≤10.00%). The sensitivity to ertapenem, meropenem, ceftazidime/avibactam, tigacycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and amikacin was 100.00%. One strain of Leclercia adecarboxylata was detected in bulk jujube, which was resistant to the most types of antibiotics. Conclusion There is a certain degree of Enterobacteriae bacteria contamination in food in Handan Area, and the contamination rate of bulk food is significantly higher than that of pre-packaged food. A wide variety of Enterobacteriae bacteria are detected, and the drug resistance of different bacteria is significantly different. Targeted monitoring should be further strengthened to prevent and control foodborne diseases.