烟台不同养殖模式刺参体壁营养成分分析比较

Analysis and comparison of nutritional components in the body wall of Apostichopus japonicus under different breeding modes in Yantai

中文关键词:  刺参  养殖模式  营养成分  品质评价

英文关键词:Apostichopus japonicus  breeding mode  nutritional components  quality evaluation

中文摘要:

      目的 对不同养殖模式下刺参体壁的营养成分组成及品质进行评价。方法 对烟台地区自然生长、工厂化养殖、池塘养殖、底播增殖、围堰养殖、网箱养殖的刺参体壁营养成分进行分析比较, 包括水分、蛋白质、脂肪、多糖、皂苷、牛磺酸、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质元素。结果 6种养殖方式下, 自然生长蛋白质、饱和脂肪酸含量最高, 牛磺酸含量较高, 在必需氨基酸与氨基酸占比方面也有较高水平; 底播增殖在矿物质元素方面钙、锌、硒含量较高, 钾、镁含量最低, 风味较好, 药效氨基酸与呈味氨基酸含量最高; 围堰养殖脂肪含量、牛磺酸含量、氨基酸总含量、必需氨基酸占比、不饱和脂肪酸含量最高; 网箱养殖海参皂苷含量最高; 池塘养殖水分、钙、海参多糖含量最高, 但在海参皂苷等多项成分含量最低; 工厂化养殖总体成分含量较低, 多不饱和脂肪酸等多项含量最低。结论 烟台地区不同养殖方式下, 刺参体壁的营养成分和功能成分有明显差异, 自然生长、底播增殖、围堰养殖、网箱养殖品质优于工厂化养殖和池塘养殖。本研究结果可以完善烟台地区刺参营养品质评价, 为刺参的加工及购买提供数据支撑, 并为刺参产业发展提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Objective To evaluate the nutritional composition and quality of Apostichopus japonicus body walls under different breeding models. Methods The nutritional components of Apostichopus japonicus body walls under natural growth, industrial cultivation, pond cultivation, bottom-sowing proliferation, enclosure cultivation, and cage cultivation in the Yantai Region were analyzed and compared. These components included moisture, protein, fat, polysaccharides, saponins, taurine, amino acids, fatty acids and mineral elements. Results Under 6 kinds of breeding methods, the natural growth protein and saturated fatty acid content were the highest, the taurine content was higher, and there were also high levels of essential amino acids and amino acid ratios; bottom propagation had higher levels of calcium, zinc and selenium in terms of mineral elements, with the lowest levels of potassium and magnesium. It had a better flavor and the highest levels of medicinal and flavor amino acids; the fat content, taurine content, total amino acid content, essential amino acid proportion, and unsaturated fatty acid content were the highest in cofferdam aquaculture; the content of Apostichopus japonicus in net cage aquaculture was the highest; pond aquaculture had the highest content of water, calcium and sea cucumber polysaccharides, but the lowest content of various components such as Apostichopus japonicus; the overall composition of factory farming was relatively low, with the lowest content of various components such as polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion In the Yantai Region, under different breeding methods, there are obvious differences in the nutritional and functional components of the body wall of Apostichopus japonicus. The quality of natural growth, bottom-sowing proliferation, enclosure cultivation and cage cultivation is superior to that of industrial cultivation. The results of this study partially improve the evaluation of the nutritional quality of Apostichopus japonicus in the Yantai Region, provide data support for the processing and purchase of Apostichopus japonicus, and serve as a reference for the development of the Apostichopus japonicus industry.