烟台不同养殖模式刺参体壁营养成分分析比较

Analysis and Comparison of Nutritional Components in the Body Wall of Apostichopus japonicus under Different Breeding Modes in Yantai

中文关键词:  刺参  养殖模式  营养成分  品质评价

英文关键词:Apostichopus japonicus  breeding mode  nutritional components  quality evaluation

中文摘要:

      目的 对不同养殖模式下刺参体壁的营养成分组成及品质进行评价。方法 对烟台地区自然生长、工厂化养殖、池塘养殖、底播增殖、围堰养殖、网箱养殖的刺参体壁营养成分进行分析比较，包括水分、蛋白质、脂肪、多糖、皂苷、牛磺酸、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质元素。结果 6种养殖方式下，自然生长蛋白质、牛磺酸、饱和脂肪酸含量最高，在必须氨基酸与氨基酸占比方面也有较高水平；底播增殖在矿物质元素方面钙、锌、硒含量较高，钾、镁含量最低，风味较好，药效氨基酸与呈味氨基酸含量最高；围堰养殖脂肪含量、氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸占比、不饱和脂肪酸含量最高；网箱养殖海参皂苷含量最高；池塘养殖水分、钙与锰、海参多糖含量最高，但在氨基酸、海参多糖等多项成分含量最低；工厂化养殖总体成分含量较低，不饱和脂肪酸等多项含量最低。结论 烟台地区不同养殖方式下，刺参体壁的营养成分和功能成分有明显差异，自然生长、底播增殖、围堰养殖、网箱养殖品质优于工厂化养殖。本研究结果部分完善烟台地区刺参营养品质评价，为刺参的加工及购买提供数据支撑，为刺参产业发展提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Objective? Evaluate the nutritional composition and quality of Apostichopus japonicus body walls under different breeding models. Methods? Analyze and compare the nutritional components of Apostichopus japonicus body walls in Yantai area under natural growth, industrialized farming, pond farming, bottom-sowing proliferation, cofferdam farming and cage farming, including moisture, protein, fat, polysaccharide, saponin, taurine, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral elements. Results? Among the six breeding methods, the natural growth has the highest contents of protein, taurine and saturated fatty acids, and also has a relatively high level in terms of the proportion of essential amino acids to total amino acids; the bottom - sowing proliferation has higher levels of calcium, zinc, and selenium in terms of mineral elements, with the lowest levels of potassium and magnesium. It has a better flavor and the highest levels of medicinal and flavor amino acids; the fat content, amino acid content, unsaturated fatty acid content, and essential amino acid proportion are the highest in cofferdam farming; the cage farming has the highest saponin content; the pond farming has the highest contents of moisture, calcium, manganese and Apostichopus japonicus polysaccharide, but has the lowest contents in many components such as amino acids and Apostichopus japonicus polysaccharide; the overall component content of industrialized farming is relatively low, and many contents such as unsaturated fatty acids are the lowest. Conclusion? In the Yantai area, under different breeding methods, there are obvious differences in the nutritional and functional components of the body wall of Apostichopus japonicus. The quality of natural growth, bottom - sowing proliferation, cofferdam farming and cage farming is better than industrialized farming. The results of this study partially improve the evaluation of the nutritional quality of Apostichopus japonicus in the Yantai region, providing data support for the processing and purchase of Apostichopus japonicus, and serving as a reference for the development of the Apostichopus japonicus industry.