2022—2023年湖北省4类市售食品重金属污染风险评价

Risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in 4 types of food in Hubei Province from 2022 to 2023

中文关键词:  食品、重金属、金属污染、风险评估

英文关键词:heavy metals  metal pollution  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 了解2022—2023年湖北省4类市售食品中5种重金属污染情况, 评估人群经食品摄入重金属所致健康风险。方法 2022—2023年, 在湖北省随机采集4类6种市售食品(黄豆、花生、香菇、竹荪、大米、小麦)共316份。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)检测5种重金属含量, 采用单因子污染指数(Pi)、综合因子污染指数(PM)分析食品污染情况。根据美国国家环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型, 以目标危害指数法(target hazard quotient, THQ)、目标致癌风险评价法(target cancer risk, TCR)评估人群经重金属暴露所致的非致癌和致癌健康风险。结果 食品整体合格率接近95%, 重金属中Cd检出率、超标率均为最高(100.0%、14.2%)。5种重金属检出率和超标率差异均具有统计学意义(χ2=179.320、21.849, P<0.001)。6种食品污染等级依次为竹荪(重度)、香菇(轻度)、黄豆(安全)、花生(安全)、大米(安全)、小麦(安全)。不同地区、不同性别人群单项重金属THQ均小于1, 但综合重金属THQ均大于1, 不同地区、不同性别人群重金属致癌风险均大于10–4。湖北地区人群膳食摄入重金属所致非致癌和致癌健康风险, 农村高于城市, 女性高于男性。非致癌健康风险主要来源于Cd和Cr, 致癌健康风险主要来源于Cr。结论 2022—2023年湖北省4类市售食品中食用菌类存在一定程度的污染, 尤其是竹荪为重度。居民经膳食途径摄入重金属所致的非致癌健康风险较高, 致癌风险在可接受范围内。有关部门应加强监管, 关注Cd、Cr的暴露健康风险。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the pollution of 5 kinds of heavy metals in 4 types of food in Hubei Province from 2022 to 2023, and to assess the health risks caused by heavy metal intake in the population. Methods From 2022 to 2023, a total of 316 samples of 4 types 6 kinds of food (soybean, peanut, mushroom, dictyophora, rice and wheat) were randomly collected in Hubei Province. The content of 5 kinds of heavy metals were detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the contamination of food was analyzed by single factor pollution index (Pi) and comprehensive factor pollution index (PM). According to the health risk assessment model recommended by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the target hazard quotient (THQ) and target cancer risk assessment (TCR) were used to assess the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks caused by heavy metal exposure in the population. Results The overall qualified rate of food was close to 95%, the detection rate of Cd in heavy metals was the highest (100.0%, 14.2%). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate and excess rate of the 5 kinds of heavy metals (χ2=179.320, 21.849, P<0.001). The 6 kinds of food contamination levels were dictyophora(severe), shiitake mushroom (mild), soybean (safe), peanut (safe), rice (safe), and wheat (safe). The individual heavy metal THQ of different regions and different genders was less than 1, but the comprehensive heavy metal THQ was greater than 1, and the carcinogenic risk of heavy metal in different regions and different genders was greater than 10–4. In Hubei, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks caused by dietary heavy metals intake were higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and higher in women than in men. Non-carcinogenic health risks mainly come from Cd and Cr, while carcinogenic health risks mainly come from Cr. Conclusion There is a certain degree of contamination of edible fungi in the four types of food sold in Hubei Province from 2022 to 2023, especially the heavy pollution of dictyophora. The non-carcinogenic health risk caused by the intake of heavy metals through dietary means is high, and the carcinogenic risk is within the acceptable range. Relevant departments should strengthen supervision and pay attention to the health risks of Cd and Cr exposure.