山西特色红枣中重金属元素含量分析与健康风险评价

Analysis of heavy element content in Shanxi specialty Ziziphus jujuba Mill. and health risk assessment

中文关键词:  红枣  重金属元素  健康风险评价

英文关键词:Ziziphus jujuba Mill.  heavy metal elements  health risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 评估山西省3大产区(交城骏枣、太谷壶瓶枣和襄汾官滩)红枣重金属污染特征及其健康风险。方法 采用微波消解仪进行样品前处理, 结合电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)对180份红枣样本中Cr、Ni、Pb、Cd、As、Hg进行定量分析, 实验数据经Microsoft Excel 2022进行标准化整理后, 采用SPSS 26.0 IBM非参数统计(Kruskal-Wallis H检验、Spearman秩相关)揭示元素分布规律与区域关联性, 并引入美国环境保护署(United States Environmental Protection Agency, USEPA)健康风险模型进行风险评价。结果 本研究成功建立了高效灵敏的多元素(Cr、Ni、Pb、Cd、As、Hg)同步检测方法(检出限0.003~0.010 mg/kg, 回收率92%~108%,精密度2.9%~4.5%)。研究发现:(1) Hg在3大产区均未检出, Cr和Ni在3大产区普遍检出, 而Pb检出率呈现区域差异, 襄汾产区最高,太谷产区Cd检出率较高; (2)研究的元素间存在显著的空间差异; (3)交城骏枣和襄汾官滩枣的Pb、Ni、Cr呈极显著正相关, 且太谷壶瓶枣与襄汾官滩枣的同类元素相关性同步增强; (4)健康风险评价指出, 襄汾产区的Cr和Pb存在潜在风险, 需综合考虑暴露途径与实际浓度;As日均摄入量虽接近国际阈值, 但仍在安全范围内。结论 本研究首次绘制了晋产红枣重金属污染图谱, 并提出了基于地域特征的污染物分级标准建议, 为红枣质量安全标准体系的完善提供了重要科学依据。

英文摘要:

      Objective To evaluate the heavy metal contamination characteristics and health risks of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. from 3 major production regions (Jiao cheng Jun Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Tai gu Hu ping Ziziphus jujuba Mill., and Xiang fen Guan tan Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) in Shanxi Province. Methods Sample pretreatment was performed using a microwave digestion system, followed by quantitative analysis of Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, As, and Hg in 180 Ziziphus jujuba Mill. samples via inductively coupled inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Experimental data were standardized using Microsoft Excel 2022, and non-parametric statistical analyses (Kruskal-Wallis H test, Spearman’s rank correlation) were conducted with SPSS 26.0 IBM to investigate elemental distribution patterns and regional correlations. Health risks were assessed using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) model with exposure parameters. Results A highly sensitive multi-element simultaneous detection method was established with a limit of detection of 0.003 to 0.010 mg/kg, with a recovery rates of 92% to 108% and a precision of 2.9% to 4.5%. Key findings included: (1) Hg was undetected in all regions, while Cr and Ni were universally detected, Pb detection rates exhibited regional differences, with the highest in Xiangfen, Cd detection rates were notably higher in the Taigu; (2) The studied elements exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity; (3) Pb, Ni and Cr in Jiao cheng Jun Ziziphus jujuba Mill. and Xiang fen Guan tan Ziziphus jujuba Mill. exhibited a highly significant positive correlation, while the correlations of the same elements between Tai gu Hu ping Ziziphus jujuba Mill. and Xiang fen Guan tan Ziziphus jujuba Mill. showed a synchronous enhancement; (4) health risk assessment identified potential non-carcinogenic risks for Cr and Pb in Xiangfen, and the daily intake of As approached but remained below the international threshold. Conclusion This study systematically map the heavy metal contamination profile of Shanxi Ziziphus jujuba Mill. for the first time and propose region-specific grading standards for pollutants, providing a scientific basis for improving the quality and safety regulatory framework of jujube products.