内蒙古地区液态乳中重金属污染调查与风险评估

Investigation and health risk assessment of metal element pollution in liquid milk in Inner Mongolia region

中文关键词:  液态乳  金属元素  风险评估

英文关键词:liquid milk  metal elements  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 掌握2022—2023年内蒙古地区液态乳中金属元素污染情况, 评估内蒙古地区人群金属健康暴露风险。方法 采集内蒙古地区地产的液态乳4103份, 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对样本中铅、总汞、镉、铬及总砷元素进行检测, 采用内梅罗综合污染指数法评估元素的污染情况。结合内蒙古地区居民膳食摄入量的实际情况, 运用致癌风险评估法(target cancer risk, TCR)与非致癌风险评估法[目标危险系数法(target hazard quotient, THQ)], 评估液态乳中金属元素对内蒙古地区人群的健康危害。结果 在监测的4013份样本中, 5种金属元素均有检出。铅的检出率为22.26% (187/840), 镉的检出率为5.83% (49/840), 总汞的检出率为5.12% (43/840), 总砷的检出率为6.54% (55/841), 铬的检出率为40.18% (262/652), 且铅、总汞、总砷均有超标样本检出, 超标率分别为5.83% (49/840)、0.119% (1/841)、0.12% (1/841); 5种金属元素的内梅罗综合污染指数均小于等于0.7; 总砷、镉的TCR<10–4 μg/(kg·d), 处于可接受的风险范围之内; 铅、铬、总汞的THQ均小于1。结论 本研究对不同生产加工类型的液态乳中重金属的污染来源进行系统分析与综合风险评估, 为政府决策、监管及食品安全国家标准制修订提供科学依据。

英文摘要:

      Objective To understand the metal element contamination in liquid milk in Inner Mongolia region from 2022 to 2023 and assess the metal health exposure risk for the population in Inner Mongolia region. Methods A total of 4103 samples of locally produced liquid milk were collected from Inner Mongolia region. Lead, total mercury, cadmium, chromium and total arsenic were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The inverno comprehensive pollution index method was used to evaluate the pollution levels of these elements. Considering the actual dietary intake of residents in Inner Mongolia region, the carcinogenic risk assessment (TCR) and non-carcinogenic risk assessment [target hazard quotient (THQ)] were employed to assess the health risks posed by metal elements in liquid milk to the population in Inner Mongolia region. Results In the 4013 samples monitored, all 5 kinds of metal elements were detected. The over-limit detection rate for lead was 22.26% (187/840), for cadmium it was 5.83% (49/840), for total mercury it was 5.12% (43/840), for total arsenic it was 6.54% (55/841), and for chromium it was 40.18% (262/652). Lead, total mercury, and total arsenic all had samples exceeding the limits, with exceedance rates of 5.83% (49/840), 0.119% (1/841), and 0.12% (1/841), respectively. The inverno index for all 5 kinds of metal elements was below 0.7; the TCR for total arsenic and cadmium was less than 10–4, Within an acceptable risk range; THQ of lead, chromium, and total mercury were all less than 1. Conclusion This study systematically analyzed and comprehensively assessed the sources of heavy metal pollution in liquid milk from different production and processing types, providing a scientific basis for government decision-making, regulation, and the revision of national food safety standards.