胃肠道微生物群落的组成、空间分布规律及其膳食调控机制研究进展

Research progress on the composition, spatial distribution pattern and dietary regulation mechanisms of gastrointestinal microbial communities

中文关键词:  胃肠道微生物  胃肠道微生物空间分布  宿主健康  微生物多样性

英文关键词:gastrointestinal microbiota  spatial distribution  host health  microbial diversity

中文摘要:

      人类和动物消化道内的微生物群落呈现出多样化的特征, 不同生态位栖息的微生物群落具有空间集合的差异, 通常具有高度的宿主特异性。除了沿胃肠道纵轴呈现出的微生物组成差异特征外, 微生物还会在特定环境形成离散的特征群落。本文探讨了胃肠道环境如何在空间上影响微生物群落的形成和稳态, 膳食影响胃肠道微生物空间分布的机制, 以及这种空间异质性在维持机体健康中的重要性。通过关注胃肠道微生物的空间异质性, 能够更全面地探索微生物在胃肠道不同位置和局部环境中的适应策略及其生物学功能, 有助于理解胃肠道微生物群在健康与疾病中的作用, 为肠道健康的维护、疾病的预防与治疗以及个体化医疗方案的制定提供了新的理论依据。

英文摘要:

      The microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals exhibite diverse characteristics, with microbial communities residing in different ecological niches displaying distinct spatial differences, often characterize by high host specificity. In addition to the compositional differences observe along the longitudinal axis of the gastrointestinal tract, microbes also form discrete characteristic communities within specific microenvironments. This review explored how the physical environment of the gastrointestinal tract affaceded the spatial formation and maintenance of microbial communities, the role of diet in shaping the spatial distribution of gut microbiota, and the importance of this spatial heterogeneity in maintaining organismal health. Focusing on the spatial heterogeneity of gastrointestinal microbiota enables a more comprehensive understanding of the adaptive strategies and biological functions of microbes in different locations and local environments in the gastrointestinal tract. This approach contributed to a better understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in health and disease, providing new theoretical foundations for maintaining gut health, preventing and treating diseases, and developing personalized medical strategies.