水产品中汞形态国内外法规标准汇总及甲基汞检测方法对比

Summary of domestic and international regulations and standards on mercury in aquatic products and comparison of methylmercury detection methods

中文关键词:  甲基汞；水产品  法规标准；提取方法；检测方法  液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法；液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法

英文关键词:methylmercury  aquatic products  regulatory standards  extraction methods  detection methods  liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry  liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

中文摘要:

      汞是一种全球性环境污染物, 对生态系统和人类健康构成了潜在的威胁。在汞元素不同的化学形态中, 甲基汞因其极强的神经毒性和致癌性而备受关注。水产品的食用是人类重要的汞暴露来源。为保障食品安全, 不同国家和地区制定了严格的食品安全法规, 规定了水产品中汞化学形态的限量要求及相关检测方法。本文系统总结了国际上现行有效的水产品中总汞和甲基汞等汞化学形态的限量要求, 并详细比较了不同国家的甲基汞的检测标准方法。通过对比分析, 本文深入探讨了包括酸式、有机试剂以及蒸馏提取在内的不同提取方法的特点, 评估了液相色谱和气相色谱等常见分离方法的优缺点, 并总结了液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法(liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry, LC-AFS)和液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, LC-ICP-MS)等多种检测方法的不同性能。这些分析不仅揭示了当前检测方法的局限性, 还为未来甲基汞的分析技术的开发和标准化提供了科学依据和参考。本文展望了水产品中甲基汞测定的发展方向, 旨在提高检测方法的精密度、准确性和灵敏度, 为保障食品安全提供更有力的支持。

英文摘要:

      Mercury is a global environmental pollutant that poses potential threats to ecosystems and human health. Among the various chemical forms of mercury, methylmercury is of particularly concern due to its neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The consumption of aquatic products is a significant source of human exposure to mercury. To ensure food safety, stringent regulations have been established by different countries and regions, specifying the maximum allowable levels of mercury species such as total mercury and methylmercury in aquatic products, as well as the corresponding detection methods. This paper provided a comprehensive summary of the current international regulations on the maximum allowable levels of total mercury and methylmercury in aquatic products, and compared the standard detection methods for methylmercury in different countries. Through comparative analysis, investigated the characteristics of various extraction methods, including acidic, organic reagent, and distillation methods in depth. Additionally, this paper evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of common separation techniques, such as liquid and gas chromatography, summarized the performance of various detection methods, including liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LC-AFS), liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS). These analyses not only revealed the limitations of existing detection methods but also provided a scientific basis and reference for the development and standardization of future methylmercury analytical techniques. This article further outlined the future direction of methylmercury determination in seafood, with the goal of enhancing the precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of detection methods to better support food safety.