不同养殖模式马口鱼肠道微生物群落比较

Comparison of intestinal microbiota in different aquaculture modes of Opsariichthys bidens

中文关键词:  马口鱼  养殖模式  肠道微生物  生长性能

英文关键词:Opsariichthys bidens  aquaculture modes  intestinal microbiota  growth properties

中文摘要:

      目的 研究不同养殖模式对马口鱼肠道微生物群落的影响。方法 采取以C(马口鱼单养)、D(马口鱼与小龙虾混养)、E(马口鱼与青虾混养)的马口鱼肠道微生物DNA为模板, 通过聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR), 采用515F-907R引物对16S rRNA基因进行扩增, 并用Illumina Hiseq2500测序平台测序, 同步测定了不同养殖模式的马口鱼生长性能。结果 从体重和肥满度来看, C>E>D; 从体长来看, C与E无显著性差异, C与D、D与E均有显著性差异, 也是C>E>D; 从肝体指数来看, D与E无显著性差异, C与D、C与E均有显著性差异, C>E=D; 脏体指数、肝体指数的规律相同, C>D>E; 鱼虾混养模式比单一养鱼模式鱼类肠道菌群的多样性和丰富度均显著增加; 混养模式增加了马口鱼的肠道菌群组成多样性, 两种混养模式效果相同; 单养模式和两种混养模式马口鱼的指示类群不同, 两种混养模式马口鱼的共有指示类群为微杆菌属和普雷沃氏菌属。结论 单养模式马口鱼的体重和肥满度更高, 有利于提升食品加工的产量; 混养模式微生物多样性和丰富度更好, 马口鱼的抵抗力更强, 品质更好, 有利于提升食品加工的产品质量。本研究可对不同养殖模式马口鱼营养供应、代谢稳态和防疫免疫、食品加工等提供了理论支撑。

英文摘要:

      Objective To study the effects of different aquaculture modes on the intestinal microbiota of Opsariichthys bidens. Methods The 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 515F-907R primers using the intestinal microbial DNA of C (monoculture of Opsariichthys bidens), D (mixed culture of Opsariichthys bidens and crayfish), E (mixed culture of Opsariichthys bidens and Macrobrachium nipponense) as templates, and sequenced by Illumina Hiseq2500 sequencing platform. The growth performance of Opsariichthys bidens in different culture modes was simultaneously determined. Results From the perspective of weight and fatness, C>E>D, from the perspective of body length, there was no significant difference between C and E, and there were significant differences between C and D, D and E, which was also C>E>D; from the perspective of hepatosomatic index, there was no significant difference between D and E, but there were significant differences between C and D, C and E, C>E=D; the rule of viscera index and hepatosomatic index was the same, C>D>E; the mixed fish and shrimp farming model significantly increased the diversity and richness of intestinal microbiota in fish compared to the single fish farming model; the mixed farming mode increased the diversity of intestinal microbiota composition in Opsariichthys bidens, and 2 kinds of mixed farming modes had the same effect; the indicator groups for monoculture and 2 kinds of mixed breeding modes of Opsariichthys bidens were different, and the common indicator groups for both mixed breeding modes of Opsariichthys bidens were Microbacteria and Prevotella. Conclusion The comprehensive utilization and quality safety of agricultural products, as well as the single farming mode, result in higher body weight and fat content of Opsariichthys bidens, which is beneficial for increasing the yield of food processing; the mixed farming mode has better microbial diversity and richness, stronger resistance and better quality of Opsariichthys bidens, which is conducive to improving the product quality of food processing. This study can provide theoretical support for the nutritional supply, metabolic homeostasis, epidemic prevention and immunity, food processing, and other aspects of Opsariichthys bidens under different breeding modes.