基于元素特征的葡萄酒品种和年份鉴别

Identification of varietal and years of wines based on elemental characteristics

中文关键词:  矿质元素  葡萄酒  品种  年份  鉴别

英文关键词:mineral elements  wine  variety  year  identification

中文摘要:

      目的 检测分析贺兰山东麓产区不同品种及年份葡萄酒中矿物元素含量, 结合多元统计分析方法, 构建基于矿物元素的品种和年份葡萄酒鉴别模型。方法 采集了宁夏青铜峡产区一酒庄紫大夫、美乐、马尔贝克、赤霞珠、马瑟兰葡萄, 采用同一方法酿制成葡萄酒; 采集宁夏永宁产区一酒庄2018—2023年6个年份的赤霞珠单品葡萄酒, 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定葡萄酒中B、Bi、Be等54种矿物元素含量, 基于不同品种和不同年份葡萄酒中矿物元素含量差异构建葡萄酒品种和年份鉴别模型。结果 不同品种葡萄酒中共检出53种矿物元素, As、B等47种矿物元素在品种间具有极显著差异(P<0.01), 不同年份葡萄酒中54种矿物元素均有检出, 且均在年份葡萄酒间具有极显著差异(P<0.01); 基于Fisher判别分析方法建立的葡萄酒品种和年份鉴别模型的正确判别率为均为100%, As、Cs、Dy、Mo、Na、Sb、U、Yb、Fe 9种矿物元素为不同品种葡萄酒的差异元素, Cu、Li、Na、Sb、Tl、U、V、Y、Yb、Ag、Pt 11种矿物元素为同一品种不同年份葡萄酒的差异元素, 基于矿物元素实现了同一产地不同品种和不同年份葡萄酒的正确判别。结论 矿物元素在不同品种和年份葡萄酒中存在显著差异, 可用于同一产区品种葡萄酒和年份葡萄酒的鉴别。

英文摘要:

      Objective To detect and analyze the content of mineral elements in wines of different varieties and years from the Helan Mountain East Slope region, and construct a model for identifying wine varieties and years based on mineral elements using multivariate statistical analysis methods. Methods Grapes of 5 varieties, namely, Zinfandel, Merlot, Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon and Marselan, were collected from a winery in Qingtongxia, Ningxia, and were processed into wines using the same method. Wines of the Cabernet Sauvignon variety from 6 years (2018—2023) were collected from a winery in Yongning, Ningxia. The content of 54 kinds of mineral elements including B, Bi, Be, etc. in the wines was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A model for identifying wine varieties and years was constructed based on the differences in mineral element content among different varieties and years of wines. Results A total of 53 mineral elements were detected in wines of different varieties, and 47 kinds of mineral elements including As and B showed extremely significant differences among varieties (P<0.01). All 54 kinds of mineral elements were detected in wines of different years, and all showed extremely significant differences among years (P<0.01). The correct discrimination rate of the model for identifying wine varieties and years based on Fisher discriminant analysis was 100%. The 9 kinds of mineral elements, namely, As, Cs, Dy, Mo, Na, Sb, U, Yb and Fe, were identified as the differential elements for different varieties of wines, and 11 kinds of mineral elements, namely, Cu, Li, Na, Sb, Tl, U, V, Y, Yb, Ag and Pt, were identified as the differential elements for wines of the same variety from different years. The correct discrimination of wines from the same origin but of different varieties and years was achieved based on mineral elements. Conclusion Mineral elements show significant differences among wines of different varieties and years, and can be used for the identification of wine varieties and years from the same region.