广西各产区龙眼肉中5种重金属及有害元素含量分析及风险评估

Residue analysis and risk assessment of 5 kinds of heavy metals and harmful elements in longan lour from various production areas in Guangxi

中文关键词:  龙眼肉  风险评估  重金属及有害元素  安全性  电感耦合等离子体质谱

英文关键词:longan lour  risk assessment  heavy metals and harmful elements  safety  inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

中文摘要:

      目的 建立电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)法同时测定广西不同产区龙眼肉中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu) 5种重金属及有害元素的含量, 并对其安全性进行评价。方法 采用微波消解-ICP-MS法分析测定龙眼肉中5种重金属及有害元素的含量, 污染情况评价采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法, 健康风险评价按照危害识别、危害特征描述、暴露评估和风险特征描述4个步骤进行评估。结果 5种重金属及有害元素在一定含量范围内具有良好的线性关系(r>0.999), 回收率在97.5%~106.8%, 相对标准偏差为0.11%~2.52%, 表明该方法准确可靠。参照《中华人民共和国药典》(2020年版)中药材和饮片的重金属及有害元素的限量标准, 1个产区龙眼肉药材中的Pb超标, 不合格率为5%; 安全性评价研究表明, 3个产区龙眼肉样品受到不同程度的重金属及有害元素污染, 其余17个产区安全; 健康风险评估研究表明, 少部分产区龙眼肉中的Pb和As暴露会对人体造成一定的非致癌健康风险, 需要引起关注。结论 本研究模型可对龙眼肉药材中的重金属及有害元素健康风险作出有效评估, 为制定龙眼肉中重金属的限量标准提供参考数据, 并为建立龙眼肉安全评价体系提供科学依据。

英文摘要:

      Objective To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 5 kinds of heavy metals [lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu)] and harmful elements in longan lour by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and to evaluate the safety of longan lour. Methods Microwave digestion-ICP-MS was used to determine 5 kinds of heavy metals and harmful elements in longan lour, single factor pollution index method and Nemero comprehensive pollution index method were used for pollution assessment, the health risk assessment was carried out according to 4 steps: Hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment and risk characterization. Results The 5 kinds of elements had a good linear relationship (r>0.999) within a certain content range, the recovery rates were 97.5%–106.8%, and relative standard deviations were 0.11%–2.52%, indicating that the method was accurate and reliable. According to the heavy metal and harmful element limit standards for medicinal materials and decoction pieces in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (2020 edition), longan lour from one producing region exceeded the Pb limit, with a non-compliance rate of 5%. Safety evaluation studies revealed that samples from 3 producing regions were contaminated with heavy metals and harmful elements to varying degrees, while those from the remaining 17 regions were safe. Health risk assessment studies indicated that Pb and As exposure from longan lour in a small number of producing regions might pose certain non-carcinogenic health risks to humans, warranting attention. Conclusion The model established in this study effectively assesses the health risks of heavy metals and harmful elements in longan lour, providing reference data for formulating limit standards for heavy metals in longan lour and offering a scientific basis for establishing a safety evaluation system for this medicinal material.