黄芪中重金属含量分析及风险评估

Analysis and risk assessment of heavy metal content in Astragalus membranaceus

中文关键词:  黄芪  重金属  电感耦合等离子质谱  风险评估

英文关键词:Astragalus membranaceus  heavy metals  inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 测定黄芪和土壤中铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、锌(Zn)、镍(Ni)、铬(Cr) 8种重金属含量并对其进行风险评估。方法 在内蒙古、山西、甘肃、宁夏和陕西5个省份采集了35批样品, 使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对黄芪和黄芪产地的土壤中8种重金属进行测定, 通过计算每日最大可耐受摄入、致癌风险、非致癌风险目标危险商数3种不同的风险评估模型来对黄芪不同摄入人群的健康风险进行评估。结果 该方法回收率在99.1%~108.8%, 相对标准偏差在0.445%~5.720%范围内, 该方法准确性和精密度良好。35批黄芪重金属平均含量为Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>As>Cd、Hg, 均无重金属超标情况, 符合2020版《中华人民共和国药典》中重金属限量标准。3种风险评估结果表明黄芪重金属含量对不同人群的健康风险均在可接受范围。结论 黄芪中重金属的污染普遍存在, 为了确保黄芪的用药安全, 未来应从黄芪的种植源头、加工方式等环节对黄芪重金属进行防控。

英文摘要:

      Objective To determine the content of 8 kinds of heavy metals, copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) in Astragalus membranaceus and soil samples, and conduct the risk assessment. Methods Thirty-five batches of samples were collected in 5 provinces, namely Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Shaanxi, for the determination of 8 kinds of heavy metals in the soils of Astragalus and Astragalus origin using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The health risks of Astragalus membranaceus in different intake groups were evaluated by calculating 3 kinds of different risk assessment models, namely, the estimated daily intake, the carcinogenic risk, and the target hazard quotient. Results The recoveries were in the range of 99.1%–108.8% with the relative standard deviations in the range of 0.445%–5.720%, which indicated that the accuracy and precision of the method were good. The average heavy metal content of the 35 batches of Astragalus membranaceus was Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>As>Cd and Hg, and no exceedance of heavy metals complied with the limit standards for heavy metals in Chinese herbal medicines in the 2020 edition of Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. The results of the 3 kinds of risk assessments showed that the health risk of heavy metal content of Astragalus membranaceus for different groups of people was within the acceptable range. Conclusion The contamination of heavy metals in Astragalus membranaceus is widespread, and the development of the Astragalus membranaceus industry is still potentially risky. In order to ensure the medicinal safety of Astragalus membranaceus, the prevention and control of heavy metals in Astragalus membranaceus shall be carried out in the future from the planting source of Astragalus membranaceus, the processing method, and other aspects of Astragalus membranaceus.