谷物制品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇污染状况及暴露风险评估

Pollution status and exposure risk assessment of deoxynivalenol in grain products

中文关键词:  谷物类  挂面  DON  暴露量  风险评估  

英文关键词:grains  dried noodles  deoxynivalenol  exposure  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 分析不同谷物及其制品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)及其衍生物的污染状况, 并评估其膳食暴露风险。方法 收集2021—2023年市售的不同种类的谷物样品共计435份, 样品用乙腈-水(84:16, V:V)提取, 226净化柱进行净化处理, 超高效液相色谱三重四极杆质谱仪进行检测, 同位素内标法进行定量, 根据成人膳食消费量对居民的DON暴露风险进行评估。结果 在435份样品中, DON的检出最高, 检出率达到90.6%。挂面样品中DON的检测平均值最高, 达到244.8 μg/kg。DON在不同性别居民的膳食暴露量不同, 成年男性在干挂面和小麦粉等面制品中DON的急性和慢性膳食暴露风险均高于成年女性; 挂面引起的慢性暴露风险高于其他食品种类; 小麦粉引起的成年男性和女性的急性暴露风险最高分别为8.84 μg/(kg·bw)、8.34 μg/(kg·bw)。结论 不同谷物食品中DON的检出率最高, 同时小麦粉中DON的含量对成年男女的急性暴露风险较高。DON的污染状况应高度重视, 尤其注意小麦粉对居民的急性暴露风险, 为谷物中DON的风险评估和后续研究提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Objective To analyze the contamination levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives in various cereals and their products and assess the dietary exposure risks. Methods A total of 435 commercially available grain samples of various types were collected from 2021 to 2023. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile-water (84:16, V:V), purified by the 226 purification column, and analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Quantification was performed using the isotope internal standard method. The dietary exposure risk of DON for residents was assessed based on adult dietary consumption levels. Results Among the 435 samples, the detection rate of DON was the highest, reaching 90.6%. The average detection value of DON in dried noodle samples was the highest, reaching 244.8 μg/kg. The dietary exposure amounts of DON were different for residents of different genders. The acute and chronic dietary exposure risks of DON in pasta products such as dried noodles and wheat flour for adult males were higher than those for adult females. The chronic exposure risk of DON caused by dried noodles was higher than that of other food categories; however, the acute exposure risk of DON to adult males and females caused by wheat flour were 8.84 μg/(kg·bw) and 8.34 μg/(kg·bw). Conclusion The detection rate of DON is the highest among different grain foods. Meanwhile, the concentration of DON in wheat flour poses a relatively high acute exposure risk to adult men and women. The contamination situation of DON shouldall be highly emphasized, in particular, attention shall be paid to the acute exposure risk of wheat flour to residents, which provides a reference for the risk assessment of DON in grains and subsequent research.