西藏市售蔬菜的农药残留检测及膳食暴露风险评估

Pesticide residue testing and dietary exposure risk assessment of vegetables sold in Tibet

中文关键词:  蔬菜,农药残留,膳食摄入,慢性摄入风险评估

英文关键词:vegetables  pesticide residue  dietary intake  risk assessment of chronic ingestion

中文摘要:

      目的 了解西藏市售蔬菜中农药残留污染水平。方法 2024年8月从西藏自治区5个市随机采集50份蔬菜样品(茄子、芹菜、油麦菜、黄瓜、青花菜), 通过液相色谱-串联质谱法检测43种农药的残留情况, 并进行膳食暴露风险评估。结果 50份蔬菜样品中农药检出率为6.05%, 共检出14种农药, 检出率最高为烯酰吗啉; 50份蔬菜样品中农药超标率为0.326%, 共检出3种超标农药, 超标率最高为阿维菌素。5个市均有农药残留检出, 除那曲市外均有超标现象。5种蔬菜所检出农药的慢性摄入风险值分别为: 茄子(0.001~0.023 mg/kg)、芹菜(0.006~3.665 mg/kg)、油麦菜(0.001~0.697 mg/kg)、黄瓜(0.001~0.188 mg/kg)、青花菜(0.002~0.463 mg/kg)。结论 西藏市售的50份蔬菜中仍能检出不同水平的农药残留, 但其残留水平较低; 5种蔬菜的慢性摄入风险值均远小于100%, 居民通过膳食途径摄入蔬菜中农药残留的健康风险在可接受范围内。

英文摘要:

      Objective To understand the pollution level of pesticide residues in vegetables sold in Tibet. Methods In August 2024, 50 vegetable samples (eggplant, celery, lettuce, cucumber, broccoli) were randomly collected from 5 cities in the Tibet Autonomous Region. The 43 kinds of pesticide residues were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and a risk assessment dietary exposure was conducted. Results The detection rate of pesticides in 50 vegetable samples was 6.05%, with a total of 14 kinds of pesticides detected, with the highest detection rate being enoxymorpholine. The pesticide exceedance rate in 50 vegetable samples was 0.326%, and a total of 3 kinds of exceedance pesticides were detected, with the highest exceedance rate being avermectin. Pesticide residues had been detected in 5 cities, with the exception of Naqu City, the other 4 cities had exceeded the standard. The chronic ingestion risk values of pesticides detected in 5 kinds of vegetables were: Eggplant (0.001–0.023 mg/kg), celery (0.006–3.665 mg/kg), lettuce (0.001–0.697 mg/kg), cucumber (0.001–0.188 mg/kg) and broccoli (0.002–0.463 mg/kg). Conclusion Different levels of pesticide residues can still be detected in 50 vegetables sold in Tibet, but the residue level is low; the chronic intake risk values of 5 kinds of vegetables are all far below 100%, and the health risks of residents ingesting pesticide residues in vegetables through dietary pathways are within an acceptable range.