食品安全快速检测方法研究进展

Research progress on rapid detection methods for food safety

中文关键词:  食品安全，快速检测，免疫学，分子生物学，化学分析，生物传感器

英文关键词:food safety  rapid detection  immunology  molecular biology  chemical analysis  biosensors

中文摘要:

      近年来, 食品安全快速检测方法的研究取得了显著进展, 涵盖了免疫学、分子生物学、化学分析和生物传感器等多种技术。免疫学方法如免疫层析和酶联免疫吸附试验其高灵敏度和特异性, 广泛应用于食品中病原菌、毒素及药物残留的检测, 能够快速识别潜在的食品安全隐患。分子生物学技术如聚合酶链式反应则以其高效的DNA扩增能力, 成为检测食品中微生物和转基因成分的重要工具。化学分析方法通过光谱技术实现对食品成分的快速、无损检测, 生物传感器则结合生物识别元件与物理化学传感器, 提供灵敏、便捷的检测方案。未来, 随着技术的不断进步, 快速检测方法将朝着集成化、微型化和智能化方向发展, 进一步提升食品安全管理的效率和准确性, 为保障消费者健康提供更为可靠的支持。本文综述了近年来食品安全快速检测方法的研究进展, 探讨不同检测方法的原理、应用范围、优缺点及其在实际应用中的效果, 旨在为食品安全领域的研究者和技术人员提供参考, 推动快速检测技术的进一步发展和应用, 保障消费者的健康与安全。

英文摘要:

      In recent years, significant progress have been made in rapid methods for food safety, utilizing technologies such as immunology, molecular biology, chemical analysis, and biosensors. Immunological methods, including immunochromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, are widely used for their high sensitivity and specificity in detecting pathogens, toxins, and drug residues in food, enabling quick identification of potential hazards. Molecular biology techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction, are essential for detecting microorganisms and genetically modified components due to their efficient DNA amplification. Chemical analysis methods use spectroscopic techniques for rapid, non-destructive detection of food components, while biosensors combine biological recognition elements with physicochemical sensors for sensitive and convenient detection. With ongoing technological advancements, rapid methods are expected to evolve towards integration, miniaturization, and intelligence, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of food safety management. This article summarized the research progress of rapid detection methods for food safety in recent years, explored the principles, application scope, advantages and disadvantages of different detection methods, and their effects in practical applications. The aim is to provide reference for researchers and technicians in the field of food safety, promote the further development and application of rapid detection technology, and ensure the health and safety of consumers.