上海市市售食用植物油中缩水甘油酯的污染水平和膳食暴露评估

Contamination level and dietary exposure assessment of glycidyl esters in edible vegetable oils sold in Shanghai

中文关键词:  食用植物油  缩水甘油酯  污染水平  暴露评估  暴露边界比

英文关键词:edible vegetable oil  glycidyl esters  contamination level  exposure assessment  margin of exposure

中文摘要:

      目的 了解上海居民食用植物油中缩水甘油酯(glycidyl esters, GE)的污染水平, 评估上海居民GE的膳食暴露风险。方法 利用2024年上海市市售食用植物油中GE的监测数据, 结合2024年上海居民植物油消费量数据, 采用简单分布评估法计算上海居民经植物油摄入GE的暴露量, 并用暴露边界比(margin of exposure, MOE)法评估健康风险。结果 178件食用植物油中GE的检出率为94.4%, 含量均值为360.8 μg/kg, 最大值为5470.0 μg/kg。参照欧盟法规规定的植物油中GE的限量值进行评价, 发现样品中GE的超标率为5.6%。稻米油中GE的含量均值(1169.3 μg/kg)最高, 其次为油茶籽油(657.8 μg/kg)和玉米油(499.0 μg/kg)。上海≥3岁居民每日通过食用植物油摄入GE的平均暴露量和P95暴露量分别为0.208和0.497 μg/kg bw, MOE值分别为11538和4829, P95 MOE小于10000。3~17岁居民经植物油摄入GE的平均MOE值小于10000。4个不同年龄组居民经植物油摄入GE的P95 MOE值均小于10000。结论 上海居民经植物油摄入GE的健康风险总体上处于可接受水平。但对于3~17岁人群以及植物油高消费人群GE暴露的健康风险仍需重点关注。

英文摘要:

      Objective To understand the contamination level of glycidyl esters (GE) in edible vegetable oils and to evaluate the dietary exposure risk of GE in Shanghai residents. Methods Based on the monitoring data of GE in edible vegetable oil sold in Shanghai in 2024, combined with the vegetable oil consumption data of Shanghai residents in 2024, the GE exposure of Shanghai residents via vegetable oil was calculated by simple distribution assessment method, and the margin of exposure (MOE) method was used to assess the health risk. Results The detection rate of GE in 178 edible vegetable oils was 94.4%, with an average content of 360.8 μg/kg and a maximum value of 5470.0 μg/kg. According to the EU regulations on the limit values of GE in vegetable oils, it was found that the exceeding standard rate of GE in vegetable oil was 5.6%. The mean content of GE in rice oil (1169.3 μg/kg) was the highest, followed by camellia seed oil (657.8 μg/kg) and corn oil (499.0 μg/kg). The mean daily exposure and 95th percentile exposure of GE from edible vegetable oils in Shanghai residents aged ≥3 years old were 0.208 and 0.497 μg/kg bw, the MOE values were 11538 and 4829, respectively, and P95 MOE was less than 10000. The mean MOE value of GE exposure through vegetable oil in residents aged 3 to 17 years old was less than 10000. The P95 MOE values of GE exposure through vegetable oil in 4 different age groups were all less than 10000. Conclusion The health risk of GE intake via edible vegetable oil in Shanghai residents is generally at an acceptable level. However, the health risks of GE exposure for individuals aged 3 to 17 year old and those with high consumption of vegetable oil still need to be focused.