单宁的微生物降解及单宁酶在食品工业中的应用研究进展

Research progress on microbial degradation of tannins and the application of tannase in food industry

中文关键词:  单宁  微生物降解  单宁酶  食品应用

英文关键词:tannins  microbial degradation  tannase

中文摘要:

      单宁是一种存在于植物界多酚类物质, 被广泛应用于食品加工、医药和化妆品生产中。由于单宁的苦味或酸味特性, 其含量的多少对提升食品品质极为关键。在单宁降解过程中, 微生物依赖单宁酶的催化作用来降解单宁。单宁酶主要由微生物来源的细菌和真菌在代谢过程中产生, 其在单宁降解中的作用不仅在于解除单宁对微生物的抑制效果, 而且还促进了单宁降解产物的进一步代谢循环。鉴于单宁酶的生物化学多样性和稳定性, 它们在食品、饲料、制药和化学工业等多个领域得到了广泛应用。本文简述了单宁的结构分类和降解途径, 并对微生物途径获取单宁酶用于降解单宁的机制进行阐述。总结了单宁酶在坚果、茶、果汁和面类等食品领域的应用, 并对当前筛选出高产、高活性和高降解率的单宁酶菌株的方法进行了展望, 以期为优质微生物资源的开发和拓宽酶催化功能特性提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Tannins, a diverse group of polyphenolic compounds found within botanical realm, are extensively utilized across the food processing industry, medicinal applications, and cosmetics production. Considering the inherent bitter or sour characteristics of tannins, the regulation of their concentration is crucial for enhancing the quality of food products. In the context of tannin degradation processes, microorganisms harness the catalytic prowess of tannase to effectuate the degradation of tannins. Tannase is mainly produced by bacteria and fungi derived from microorganisms during metabolic processes. Its role in tannin degradation is not only to ameliorate the inhibitory effects of tannins on microbial populations but also to enhance the metabolic recycling of the byproducts derived from tannin degradation. Considering the biochemical diversity and enzymatic stability inherent to tannases, these enzymes have garnered extensive application within a multitude of industrial sectors, including but not limited to food processing, animal feed production, pharmaceutical development, and chemical manufacturing. The article provided a concise overview, elucidating the structural classification and degradation pathways of tannins while articulating the enzymatic mechanisms employed by microorganisms to metabolize them. It summarized the applications of tannase in food sectors such as nuts, tea, juice, and noodles, and explored the potential of current methods for screening high-yield, high activity, and high degradation rate tannase strains. These efforts aimed to provide references for the development of high-quality microbial resources and the expansion of enzymatic catalytic functional characteristics.