华北平原某地区农产品重金属含量及膳食摄入风险评估

Risk assessment of heavy metal content and dietary intake of agricultural products in a region of the North China Plain

中文关键词:  农产品  重金属  污染评价  摄入风险评估

英文关键词:agricultural products  heavy metal  pollution assessment  ingestion risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 探究华北某市农村地区农产品中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)、锡(Sn)、镍(Ni)、铬(Cr)重金属含量, 并评价经膳食途径摄入的安全风险。方法 采用微波消解对样品进行前处理, 应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)对2022—2024年在该市农村地区采集的611份农产品中Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Sn、Ni、Cr 7种元素类污染物含量进行测定, 利用单因子污染指数法(single factor index, Pi)、内梅罗综合污染指数法(Nemero composite pollution index, PN)和目标危害系数法(target hazard quotient/total target hazard quotient, THQ/TTHQ)对农产品中重金属的污染水平进行评估。结果 农产品中除Hg以外均有检出, 其中个别样品中Pb和Cr超出GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量标准》中规定的限量(Pb≤0.2 mg/kg, Cr≤0.5 mg/kg), 7种元素含量水平总体较低, 其在农产品中排序为Ni (0.192 mg/kg)>Cr (0.040 mg/kg)>Pb (0.017 mg/kg)>Sn (0.011 mg/kg)>As (0.009 mg/kg)>Cd (0.005 mg/kg), 不同种类、不同地区的农产品重金属含量差异较大, 所有农产品的THQ/TTHQ均小于1, 单因子污染指数及内梅罗污染指数小于1。结论 研究地区农产品质量安全情况良好, 重金属污染水平较低, 但东南部的个别村镇可能存在潜在的重金属暴露风险, 儿童的膳食暴露风险大于成人。

英文摘要:

      Objective To explore the contents of 7 kinds of elements in agricultural products in a certain area in North China plain, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), tin (Sn), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr), and evaluate the safety risks of dietary ingestion. Methods The samples were pretreated by microwave digestion, and the contents of 7 kinds of heavy metals in 611 agricultural products collected in the certain area from 2022 to 2024 were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Index (Pi), Nemero comprehensive pollutant index (PN) and target hazard quotient/total target hazard quota (THQ/TTHQ) were used to evaluate the pollution levels of heavy metals in agricultural products. Results All elements except Hg were detected in the agricultural products. Among them, the content of Pb and Cr in individual samples exceeded the limit values specified in GB 2762—2022 National food safety standard-Limits of contaminants in foods (Pb≤0.2 mg/kg, Cr≤0.5 mg/kg). The overall content levels of the 7 kinds of elements were relatively low, and their order in the agricultural products was Ni (0.192 mg/kg)>Cr (0.040 mg/kg)>Pb (0.017 mg/kg)>Sn (0.011 mg/kg)>As (0.009 mg/kg)>Cd (0.005 mg/kg), the heavy metal content of agricultural products in different types and regions was quite different, and the THQ/TTHQ of all agricultural products was less than 1, and the Pi and PN were less than 1. Conclusion The quality and safety of agricultural products in the study area are in good condition, and the level of heavy metal pollution is relatively low. However, there may be potential heavy metal exposure risks in some individual villages and towns in the southeastern part, and the dietary exposure risks for children are greater than those for adults.