4种药食两用物质多环芳烃污染状况及膳食摄入健康风险评估

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination and health risk assessment of dietary intake of 4 kinds of medicinal and edible substances

中文关键词:  药食两用  多环芳烃  污染状况  风险评估

英文关键词:medicinal and edible substances  polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon  pollution status  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 调查分析重庆地区木香、陈皮、黄精、太白贝母4种药食两用物质中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, PAHs)的污染状况, 评估人群摄入这4种物质的PAHs残留暴露风险。方法 采集重庆市10个区县木香、陈皮、黄精、太白贝母共160份样品, 采用气相色谱-质谱法测定16种PAHs残留量, 依据欧盟委员会规定的“含有植物药及其制剂的食品补充剂”以及“干药草”中的苯并[a]芘和PAH4(苯并[a]蒽、?、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘之和)最大残留限量评价PAHs超标状况, 分析4种药食两用物质中PAHs的污染特征, 采用异构体比值法对污染来源进行分析, 并以美国环保局(US Environmental Protection Agency, USEPA)推荐的终身致癌风险(increased lifetime cancer risk, ILCR)为度量指标, 进行健康风险评估。结果 木香、陈皮、黄精、太白贝母中PAHs均有检出, 强致癌组分苯并[a]芘检出率为24%, 超标率为1.25%, PAH4超标率为1.9%, 陈皮中苯并[a]芘检出率高达83%, PAH4最高含量为151.66 μg/kg, 是最高限量值的3倍以上。4种物质中PAHs均以2~3环轻质PAHs为主, 服用4种物质对不同人群引起的致癌风险ILCR值分别为1.46×10?7~7.26×10?7、1.21×10?6~6.04×10?6、1.89×10?7~9.38×10?7、6.96×10?8~3.46×10?7。结论 4种药食两用物质均受到不同程度的PAHs污染, 污染源主要为生物质或煤炭燃烧; 木香、黄精、太白贝母经口服摄入的健康风险较低, 在可接受范围内, 经陈皮摄入的PAHs则存在潜在健康风险, 应给予关注。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate and analyze the contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) in 4 kinds of medicinal and edible substances, Aucklandiae radix, Citrus reticulatae pericarpium, Polygonati rhizoma, Fritillaria cirrhose bulbus in Chongqing, and assess human exposure risk from PAHs residues through ingestion of 4 kinds of substances. Methods A total of 160 samples were collected from 10 districts/counties in Chongqing. The residues of 16 kinds of PAHs were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The contamination levels were evaluated based on the maximum residue limits of benzo[a]pyrene and PAH4 (sum of benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene) set by the European Commission for “food supplements containing botanicals and their preparations” and “dried herbs”. The pollution characteristics of PAHs in the 4 kinds of substances were analyzed, and the sources were identified using isomer ratio analysis. Health risk assessment was conducted using the increased lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Results PAHs were detected in all Aucklandiae radix, Citrus reticulatae pericarpium, Polygonati rhizoma, Fritillaria cirrhose bulbus. The detection rate of the highly carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene was 24%, with an exceedance rate of 1.25%, while the exceedance rate for PAH4 was 1.9%. Citrus reticulata peel exhibited the highest benzo[a]pyrene detection rate (83%), and its maximum PAH4 content reached 151.66 μg/kg, exceeding the MRL by more than threefold. PAHs in all 4 kinds of substances were predominantly low-molecular-weight 2–3 ring compounds. The ILCR values of cancer risk caused by taking 4 kinds of substances in different populations were 1.46×10–7–7.26×10–7, 1.21×10–6–6.04×10–6, 1.89×10–7–9.38×10–7, 6.96×10–8–3.46×10–7, respectively. Conclusion The 4 kinds of dual-purpose substances are contaminated with PAHs at varying levels, primarily due to biomass or coal combustion. The health risks from oral intake of Aucklandiae radix, Polygonati rhizoma, Fritillaria cirrhose bulbu are low and within acceptable limits. However, Citrus reticulatae pericarpium poses a potential health risk due to PAHs exposure, warranting further attention.