安徽省薄壳山核桃产地土壤和果实中有机磷阻燃剂污染特征及风险评估

Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in soil and nuts of Carya illinoensis production areas from Anhui Province

中文关键词:  薄壳山核桃  土壤  安徽省  有机磷阻燃剂  风险评估

英文关键词:Carya illinoensis  soil  Anhui Province  organophosphate flame retardants  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 调查安徽省薄壳山核桃主产区产地土壤和果实中有机磷阻燃剂(organophosphorus flame retardants, OPFRs)的污染情况, 并对生态风险和人体健康风险进行评估。方法 采集薄壳山核桃产地土壤和果实样品各15份, 分析14种OPFRs的污染特征, 采用风险熵值法(risk quotient, RQ)对土壤进行生态风险评价, 利用健康风险评估模型对人体摄入果实进行健康风险评估。结果 薄壳山核桃产地土壤中OPFRs浓度范围为162.33~394.48 μg/kg, 平均值为305.83 μg/kg, 磷酸三辛酯[tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, TEHP]检出浓度最高, 为52.62 μg/kg; 果实中OPFRs浓度范围为127.57~310.81 μg/kg, 平均值为223.93 μg/kg, TEHP检出浓度最高, 平均值为46.82 μg/kg。11种OPFRs生态风险值(risk quotient, RQ)范围为3.50×10–5~0.47, 磷酸三(1,3-二氯异丙基)酯[tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, TDCIPP]、磷酸三苯酯(triphenyl phosphate, TPhP)、2-乙基己基二苯基磷酸酯(2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate, EHDPP)的RQ值在0.1和1.0之间, 其余RQ值均小于0.1。薄壳山核桃果实人体摄入健康风险儿童和成人危险商数(hazard quotient, HQ)值均小于0.1, TBEP在儿童和成人中摄入风险较高, 成人HQ值略高于儿童。结论 安徽省薄壳山核桃部分产地土壤中OPFRs存在一定的生态风险, 果实中的OPFRs残留对人体健康风险可以忽略, 为新型污染物在薄壳山核桃产地土壤和果实中的安全评估提供了依据。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the pollution of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in soil and nuts in the primary Carya illinoensis production areas of Anhui Province, and evaluate the ecological risk and human health risk. Methods A total of 15 soil and nut samples were collected from the main production areas of Carya illinoensis in Anhui Province, and the pollution characteristics of 14 kinds of OPFRs were analyzed. The ecological risk of soil was evaluated using the risk quotient (RQ) method, and the human health risk of consuming nuts was assessed using a health risk assessment model. Results The concentration range of OPFRs in soil samples from Carya illinoensis production areas in Anhui Province was 162.33–394.48 μg/kg, with an average of 305.83 μg/kg. Tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (TEHP) had the highest detection concentration, at 52.62 μg/kg. The concentration range of OPFRs in nut samples was 127.57–310.81 μg/kg, with an average of 223.93 μg/kg. Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) had the highest detection concentration, averaging 46.82 μg/kg. The RQ values of 11 kinds of OPFRs ranged from 3.50×10–5 to 0.47, with tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) having RQ values between 0.1 and 1.0. The remaining RQ values were all less than 0.1. The health risk assessment of human intake of pecan showed that the hazard quotient (HQ) values of children and adults were both less than 0.1, and the risk of intake of TBEP was higher in children and adults, with the HQ value of adults slightly higher than that of children. Conclusion There is a particular ecological risk of OPFRs in the soil of some production areas of Carya illinoensis in Anhui Province, and the residues of OPFRs in nuts can be ignored in terms of human health risk. This study provides a basis for the safety assessment of novel pollutants in the soil and nuts of Carya illinoensis production areas.