2022—2023年衢州市食品动物源大肠杆菌及肠球菌耐药性比较分析

Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus from food animals in Quzhou City from 2022 to 2023

中文关键词:  食品动物  大肠杆菌  肠球菌  耐药性  衢州市

英文关键词:food animal  Escherichia coli  Enterococcus  antimicrobial resistance  Quzhou City

中文摘要:

      目的 了解2022—2023年浙江省衢州市食品动物源细菌耐药性情况。方法 两年间在40个畜禽养殖场随机采集畜禽肛拭子690份, 使用选择性培养基分离大肠杆菌和肠球菌, 通过聚合酶链式反应和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱对其进行鉴定, 并使用微量肉汤稀释法检测不同抗生素对这2种细菌的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC)。结果 2022年, 从样品中分离的大肠杆菌对四环素(87.2%)的耐药率最高, 其次为磺胺异噁唑(81.1%), 且检测出1株美罗培南和5株黏菌素耐药菌株。2023年, 从样品中分离的大肠杆菌对大观霉素、氟苯尼考、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑、头孢噻呋、氧氟沙星耐药率较2022年均下降, 且对美罗培南和黏菌素的耐药率均为0%。2023年从样品中分离的肠球菌对红霉素、克林霉素、氧氟沙星、头孢西丁、磺胺异噁唑、泰妙霉素的耐药率较2022年下降, 而对青霉素、四环素、利奈唑胺较2022年上升。两年均未检测出万古霉素耐药菌株。从两年间分离的两种菌的耐药率、MIC分布和耐药谱分析来看, 大肠杆菌和肠球菌对多数抗生素的耐药性下降, 大肠杆菌下降更明显。结论 衢州地区2023年食品动物源大肠杆菌和肠球菌的整体耐药水平相较2022年明显下降, 但仍存在多重耐药现象, 且耐药谱较广, 威胁食品安全和人类健康。因此, 持续监测动物食品中细菌耐药性动态变化至关重要。

英文摘要:

      Objective To evaluate the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in food animal in Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2022 to 2023. Methods In the past two years, 690 swab samples from 40 livestock and poultry farms were randomly collected, and Escherichia coli and Enterococci were separated using selective culture medium. They were then identified by polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of different antibiotics against these two bacteria was determined using broth microdilution method. Results In 2022, the highest antimicrobial resistance rate of Escherichia coli isolated from swab samples to tetracycline was 87.2%, with sulfamethoxazole following at 81.1%. One strain was resistant to meropenem and 5 strains were resistant to colistin. In 2023, the antimicrobial resistance rates of Escherichia coli isolated from swab samples to spectinomycin, florfenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ceftiofur, and ofloxacin were all lower than those in 2022, and the antimicrobial resistance rates to meropenem and colistin were both 0%. The resistance rates of Enterococci isolated from swab samples to erythromycin, clindamycin, ofloxacin, cefotaxime, sulfamethoxazole, and tiamulin were all lower in 2023 than in 2022, while the resistance rates to penicillin, tetracycline, and linezolid were higher. No vancomycin-resistant enterococci were detected in either year. From the analysis of the antimicrobial resistance rates, MIC distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli and Enterococci over the two years, it could be concluded that both bacteria demonstrated decreased resistance to most antibiotics, with Escherichia coli showing a more significant reduction. Conclusion In 2023, the overall resistance level of Escherichia coli and enterococci of food-animal origin in the Quzhou Area has declined significantly compared to 2022. However, multi-drug resistance still exists and the spectrum of resistance is rather broad, posing a threat to food safety and human health.