人工核糖开关在食品快速检测技术中的应用研究进展

Research progress on the application of artificial riboswitch in food rapid detection technology

中文关键词:  全细胞生物传感器  核糖开关  适配体  食品安全快速检测

英文关键词:whole-cell biosensor  riboswitch  aptamer  food safety rapid detection

中文摘要:

      食品安全一直是社会关注的热点问题, 现代食品安全快速检测技术种类繁多, 全细胞生物传感技术检测是现场检测食品中污染物的一种新途径, 已受到广泛关注。全细胞传感技术是利用细胞内的转录因子或核糖开关作为感应元件捕获目标物, 并将目标物浓度信号转换为特定基因的表达强度, 进而通过荧光强度或颜色变化实现对目标物检测的技术。核糖开关生物传感器理论上检测速度更快、特异性更强, 因此构建人工核糖开关全细胞生物传感器, 有利于开发出更理想的食品污染物快速检测技术。核糖开关由适配体和表达平台两部分构成, 适配体结构域与其配体结合造成核糖开关二级结构的变化, 从而控制基因的表达, 实现对目标物的检测。本文对核糖开关的结构、调节机制、筛选以及在食品中的应用进行了介绍, 并从适配体亲和力、开发新核糖开关和丰富报告元件3个方面对人工核糖开关生物传感器提出了展望。以期为核糖开关生物传感器在食品污染物中的应用提供理论依据。

英文摘要:

      Food safety has always been a hot issue of social concern, modern food safety rapid detection technology is a wide variety of whole-cell biosensing technology detection is a new way to detect contaminants in food on-site, has been widely concerned. Whole-cell biosensing technology is a technology that uses intracellular transcription factors or riboswitches as sensing elements to capture the target and convert the target concentration signal into the expression intensity of specific genes, thus realizing the detection of the target through fluorescence intensity or color change. Riboswitch biosensors are theoretically faster and more specific, so the construction of artificial riboswitch whole-cell biosensors is conducive to the development of more desirable technologies for the rapid detection of food contaminants. The riboswitch consists of two parts, the aptamer and the expression platform, and the binding of the structural domain of the aptamer to its ligand causes changes in the secondary structure of the riboswitch, thus controlling the expression of genes and realizing the detection of targets. This paper, introduced the structure, regulatory mechanism, screening and application of riboswitch, and proposed the prospect of artificial riboswitch biosensors from 3 aspects, namely, aptamer affinity, development of new riboswitch and enrichment of reporter elements. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of riboswitch biosensors in food contaminants.