2023年安徽省小麦铅、镉、砷、铬污染分析及暴露健康风险评估

Analysis of lead, cadmium, arsenic and chromium pollution and health risk assessment of Triticum aestivum L. exposure in Anhui Province in 2023

中文关键词:  小麦  健康风险  膳食暴露  污染指数  元素

英文关键词:Triticum aestivum L.  lead  cadmium  arsenic  chromium  health risks  contamination index  dietary exposure  exposure assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 评估2023年安徽省小麦膳食中铅、镉、砷与铬的暴露水平并结合人群消费量评价膳食健康风险。方法 收集2023年安徽省小麦样品212份, 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)测定样品中铅、镉、砷与铬含量。运用污染指数法评价4种元素的污染状况; 暴露边界比(margin of exposure, MOE)评估铅暴露, 每月允许摄入量(provisional tolerable monthly intake, PTMI)或者基准剂量下限值(bench mark dose level, BMDL)与膳食暴露量的比值即安全限值(margin of safety, MOS)评估镉和砷暴露, 人群膳食暴露量(exposure, EXP)占每日可耐受摄入量(tolerable daily intake, TDI)的百分比评估铬暴露。结果 212份小麦样品中砷未超标, 镉、铅与铬的超标率分别为1.89%、1.42%和7.55%, 其单因子污染指数均小于1, 在安全范围内, 综合污染指数为1.737, 为轻度污染; 安徽省不同年龄段和不同地市居民摄入小麦膳食铅、镉和砷的平均暴露量的MOE、MOS均大于1以及铬EXP/TDI百分比均小于1; 高暴露P97.5人群13~36个月和7~12岁膳食中铬EXP/TDI百分比大于1; 皖北地区阜阳、淮北和宿州高暴露P97.5膳食中铬EXP/TDI百分比大于1。结论 安徽省居民经小麦摄入铅、镉、砷、铬的暴露风险水平可接受, 但是儿童青少年以及阜阳、淮北和宿州的高暴露人群需要关注。

英文摘要:

      Objective To evaluate the dietary exposure levels of lead, cadmium, arsenic and chromium in Triticum aestivum L. in Anhui Province in 2023 and to evaluate dietary health risks combined with population consumption. Methods A total of 212 Triticum aestivum L. samples collected from Anhui Province in 2023 were analyzed for plumbum, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The contamination status of the 4 kinds of elements was evaluated using the contamination index method. The margin of exposure (MOE) was used for plumbum exposure assessment, while the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI) or benchmark dose level (BMDL) compared with dietary exposure, expressed as the margin of safety (MOS), was applied for cadmium and arsenic exposure assessment. For chromium, the dietary exposure (EXP) was calculated as a percentage of the tolerable daily intake (TDI). Results Among the 212 Triticum aestivum L. samples, As levels did not exceed the standard limits. The exceedance rates for cadmium, plumbum, and chromium were 1.89%, 1.42% and 7.55%, respectively. The single-factor contamination index for all elements was less than 1, indicating safety, while the comprehensive contamination index was 1.737, suggesting mild contamination. The average dietary exposure levels of plumbum, cadmium, and arsenic for residents of different age groups and cities in Anhui Province showed MOE and MOS values greater than 1, and the EXP/TDI percentage for chromium was less than 1. However, for high-exposure P97.5 populations, including children aged 13–36 months and 7–12 years, the EXP/TDI percentage for chromium exceeded 1. Similarly, in northern Anhui cities such as Fuyang, Huaibei, and Suzhou, the EXP/TDI percentage for Cr in high-exposure P97.5 populations also exceeded 1. Conclusion The exposure risk levels of plumbum, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium from Triticum aestivum L. consumption among Anhui residents are generally acceptable. However, special attention shall be given to children, adolescents, and high-exposure populations in Fuyang, Huaibei, and Suzhou.