2023年广州市售食品中铅污染状况及健康风险评估

Assessment of the health risks from dietary exposure to lead in Guangzhou in 2023

中文关键词:  铅  膳食暴露  暴露边际比  风险评估

英文关键词:lead  dietary exposure  margin of exposure  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 了解2023年广州市售食品中铅的污染程度, 并评估当地居民膳食铅摄入的健康风险。方法 2023年在广州市11个区采集了3类重点食品的310份样本并采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行铅检测。结合2011年广州市居民食物消费量数据, 计算膳食中铅的暴露量, 并采用暴露边际比(margin of exposure, MOE)对人群健康风险进行评估。结果 铅的总体检出率为83.23%, 超标率为0%, 铅含量平均值为0.040 mg/kg。其中双壳类食品的铅检测均值最高, 为0.205 mg/kg。广州市全人群及各年龄段(3~6岁、7~17岁、18~59岁和60岁及以上)每日膳食铅暴露量的平均值和各年龄段膳食高暴露消费者(第95百分位数P95)分别为: 0.082、0.120、0.097、0.078、0.081 μg/(kg·d)和0.225、0.330、0.268、0.206、0.226 μg/(kg·d)。米及米制品、芸薹类和叶菜类蔬菜对膳食铅暴露贡献比较大。各年龄段居民铅MOE值均大于1, 未成年人尤其膳食高暴露人群铅的MOE值小于成年人,。结论 2023年广州市市售重点关注食品存在一定的铅污染。各年龄段居民平均膳食铅暴露量在可接受范围内。但仍需要关注重点食品并采取措施减少广州市居民铅膳食暴露风险。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the extent of lead contamination in commercial foods and assess the health risk from dietary lead intake of the residents in Guangzhou in 2023. Methods In 2023, the 310 samples were collected from 3 food categories in 11 districts of Guangzhou, China. Lead was measured in the samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Dietary exposure to lead was calculated based on the food consumption survey of Guangzhou residents in 2011, and the health risk of the population was evaluated using the margin of exposure (MOE) method. Results Lead was detected in 83.23% of the overall samples, and the over-standard rate was 0%, with an average lead content of 0.040 mg/kg. The highest lead level was found in bivalves, 0.205 mg/kg. The average daily dietary lead exposure of the whole population and all age groups (3–6 years old, 7–17 years old, 18–59 years old, and 60 years old and above) in Guangzhou and the consumers with high dietary exposure of all age groups (95th percentile P95) were: 0.082, 0.120, 0.097, 0.078, 0.081 μg/(kg·d) and 0.225, 0.330, 0.268, 0.206, 0.226 μg/(kg·d). The contribution of rice and rice products, brassica vegetables, and leafy vegetables to dietary lead exposure was relatively significant. The MOE values for lead in residents of all age groups were greater than 1, with the MOE values for minors being lower than those for adults, particularly among high dietary exposure populations. Conclusion In 2023, there is a certain degree of lead contamination in the food items under close watch in the Guangzhou market. The average dietary lead exposure of residents of all age groups is within the acceptable range. However, it is still necessary to pay attention to key food items and take measures to reduce the dietary lead exposure risk for residents in Guangzhou.