新平县古茶树加工不同茶类的适制性研究

Study on the suitability of ancient tea trees for processing different tea types in Xinping County

中文关键词:  新平县  茶叶适制性  生化成分  香气组分  感官审评

英文关键词:Xinping County  tea suitability  biochemical composition  aroma component  sensory evaluation

中文摘要:

      目的 探究新平县古茶树加工不同茶类的适制性。方法 以新平县古茶树群体种为研究对象, 参照当地制茶工艺制成绿茶、红茶、白茶、黑茶和黄茶5种成品茶, 通过茶叶生化成分、挥发性香气检测及感官审评综合评价。结果 白茶感官审评得分最高, 其次是黄茶, 红茶得分最低。白茶具有汤色杏黄明亮、杏花香馥郁清香、口感清甜醇的特点, 而红茶香气呈薯香中略带杂味, 滋味甜中带有苦、酸味。黄茶干茶欠匀整和香气不持久。白茶和绿茶的茶多酚含量均显著性高于黄茶和黑茶(P<0.05), 白茶的可溶性糖和氨基酸含量相对较高, 咖啡碱相对较低; 红茶的酚氨比值最高, 其次是白茶和绿茶。氨类、苯系芳香成分、短链烷烃对茶叶香气的贡献率较高, 白茶在茶汤法和叶底法中均表现最佳。结论 新平县古茶树鲜叶制作成绿茶、红茶、白茶、黄茶和熟茶中, 白茶整体表现较优, 具有较好的适制性。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the suitability of ancient tea trees in Xinping County for processing different types of tea. Methods The group of ancient tea trees in Xinping County was used as the research object, and five kinds of finished teas, namely green tea, black tea, white tea, black tea and yellow tea, were made with reference to the local tea-making process, and were comprehensively evaluated by the biochemical composition of the tea leaves, the volatile aroma test and the sensory evaluation. Results The white tea scored the highest sensory review score, followed by yellow tea, and the black tea scored the lowest. White tea has the characteristics of apricot yellow and bright soup color, apricot blossom fragrance, sweet and mellow taste, while the aroma of black tea is slightly miscellaneous in the potato aroma, and the taste is bitter and sour in the sweetness. The dried yellow tea is not uniform and the aroma is not persistent. The polyphenol content of white tea and green tea was significantly higher than that of yellow tea and black tea (P<0.05), while the soluble sugar and amino acid content of white tea was relatively high and the caffeine content was relatively low; the phenol-ammonia ratio of black tea was the highest, followed by that of white tea and green tea. Ammonia, benzene aromatic components and short-chain alkanes contributed more to the aroma of tea leaves, and white tea showed the best performance in both the tea broth method and the leaf bottom method. Conclusion Among the green tea, black tea, white tea, yellow tea and ripe tea made from the fresh leaves of ancient tea trees in Xinping County, white tea has better overall performance and better suitability.