2024年湖南省市售爆米花真菌毒素污染状况及人群暴露风险评估

Mycotoxin contamination and population exposure risk assessment of commercial popcorn from Hunan Province in 2024

中文关键词:  爆米花  真菌毒素  污染状况  风险评估

英文关键词:popcorn  mycotoxin  contamination status  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 调查研究2024年湖南省市售爆米花8种真菌毒素污染状况, 并对人群暴露进行风险评估。方法 在全省14市州共采集样本67份, 采用同位素稀释超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2, 伏马毒素B1、B2、B3和玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone, ZEN) 8种真菌毒素的含量, 并采用内梅罗综合污染指数、慢性膳食暴露风险评估和致癌性风险评估对检出的真菌毒素进行膳食暴露风险评估。结果 在所测定的67份爆米花样本中, 伏马毒素B1检出率46.27%, 最大值285.0 μg/kg, 伏马毒素B2检出5份, 最大值80.0 μg/kg, ZEN检出10份, 最大值47.7 μg/kg, 4种黄曲霉毒素和伏马毒素B3均未检出, 伏马毒素B1在散装样本的检出率略高于定型包装, 但无统计学差异(P>0.05); 全省14地市爆米花真菌毒素污染水平对人体健康无明显风险。结论 湖南省市售爆米花普遍存在真菌毒素污染问题, 且伏马毒素B1是主要污染毒素, 并存在与伏马毒素B2或ZEN协同污染现象, 针对伏马毒素污染问题, 建议密切关注, 及时开展溯源调查, 采取相应措施。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate and analyze the contamination of 8 kinds of mycotoxins in commercial popcorn from Hunan Province of China in 2024, and assess the associated health risks. Methods A total of 67 popcorn samples were collected from 14 cities and states in 2024 from Hunan Provinces of China, the content of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, fumonisins B1, B2, B3, and zearalenone (ZEN) was determined by isotope dilution ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the risk assessment was evaluated by the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method, risk assessment of chronic dietary exposure and carcinogenic risk assessment. Results In the 67 tested popcorn samples, the detection rate of fumonisins B1 was 46.27%, with a maximum value of 285.0 μg/kg, fumonisins B2 was detected in 5 samples, with a maximum value of 80.0 μg/kg, ZEN was detected in 10 samples, with a maximum value of 47.7 μg/kg, and no detection of 4 kinds of aflatoxin and fumonisins B3 were found. The detection rate of fumonisins B1 in loose packaging samples was slightly higher than that in packaged products, but there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05); the level of fungal toxin contamination in popcorn across the 14 prefecture-level cities in the province posed no obvious risk to human health. Conclusion Mycotoxin contamination is common in the popcorn sold in Hunan Province, and fumonitoxin B1 is the main pollution toxin, and there is a co-pollution phenomenon with fumonitoxin B2 or ZEN. In view of fumonitoxin pollution, it is recommended to pay close attention to the problem, timely traceability investigation, and take corresponding measures.