陕西省市售茶叶的铅污染状况及健康风险评估

Lead contamination and health risk assessment of commercial tea in Shaanxi Province

中文关键词:  茶叶  铅  蒙特卡洛模拟  靶标危害商  健康风险评估

英文关键词:tea  lead  Monte Carlo simulation  target hazard quotient  health risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 探究陕西省市售茶叶中铅污染情况并评估饮茶的健康风险。方法 在陕西省9个市的茶叶经营单位随机抽样采集了305份样品。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定茶叶中的铅含量, 并用单项污染指数法评价茶叶铅污染情况。计算经饮茶途径的铅的每日摄入量, 并用蒙特卡洛模拟全面展现饮茶途径的铅暴露状况。利用靶标危害商评估饮茶途径铅暴露的健康风险。结果 陕西省市售茶叶铅检出率为99.02%, 铅含量范围为0.02~3.05 mg/kg, 所有样品的铅含量均符合GB 2762—2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》。不同种类、不同茶区的茶叶铅含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。黑茶铅含量最高, 其次是青茶、绿茶, 红茶的铅含量最低。西南茶区的茶叶中铅含量处于较高水平。饮茶途径铅暴露的最大靶标危害商为4.25×10–2, 远小于1。结论 陕西省市售茶叶铅检出率高, 但铅含量均符合GB 2762—2017。饮茶途径的铅暴露不会造成明显的健康风险, 应重点关注黑茶与青茶的铅含量。本研究结果可为市售茶叶监管和健康风险控制提供科学依据。

英文摘要:

      Objective To explore the lead contamination in commercial tea in Shaanxi Province and assess the health risk associated with tea consumption. Methods The 305 samples were randomly collected from tea business units in 9 cities of Shaanxi Province. The lead content in tea was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the lead contamination was assessed by single pollution index method. The daily intake of lead through tea consumption was calculated, and Monte Carlo simulation was used to comprehensively demonstrate the lead exposure status via tea consumption. The health risk associated with lead intake through tea consumption was assessed using target hazard quotient. Results The detection rate of lead in commercial tea in Shaanxi Province was 99.02%, with a lead content ranging from 0.02 to 3.05 mg/kg. The lead content in all samples complied with GB 2762—2017 National Food Safety Standard Food Contaminant Limit. There were significant differences in the lead content in tea from different varieties and different tea regions (P<0.05). The lead content was highest in dark tea, followed by oolong tea, then green tea, and black tea had the lowest lead content. The lead content of tea from southwest tea region was at a high level. The highest target hazard quotient of lead intake through tea consumption was 4.25×10–2, far less than 1. Conclusions The detection rate of lead in commercial tea in Shaanxi Province is high, but the lead concentration met GB 2762—2017. Lead exposure through the tea consumption does not pose a significant health risk, and the focus on lead concentration in dark tea and oolong tea should be emphasized further. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the regulation and health risk control of commercial tea.